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Lead dissociation and redistribution properties of actual contaminated farmland soil after long-term EKAPR treatment

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Abstract

Electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation (EKAPR) is a potential technology much affected by the metal species and accessibility to plant roots. In this study, Pb-contaminated red soil was remediated with Sedum plumbizincicola to investigate the changes in soil pH, available nutrients, dissociation and redistribution of Pb under a long-term periodic reversal direct-current electric field. This approach could effectively activate soil P, K, organic matter (OM) and Pb, without significant soil acidification; the effect was positively correlated with applied voltage. Soil Pb can be continuously dissociated, migrated, and tended to accumulate in the middle region. The maximum Pb removal rate in the anodic section of the EKAPR system was 21.4%, and the aggregation rate in middle regions was 14.4%, higher than the available Pb content of the original soil. The Pb desorption in aqueous solution increased significantly with increasing voltage, irrespective of the solution pH. At a voltage of 20 V, the Pb cumulative desorption content reached 91.1 mg kg−1 (pH = 7), which was 2.7 times than that without electric field (33.2 mg kg−1). Compared to original soil (2.80 mg kg−1) and the control (14.54 mg kg−1), the available Pb in the anode section of EKAPR system (20.66 mg kg−1) increased by 637.9% and 42.1%, respectively. These results indicated that except for the indirect influence of soil pH changes, electrodynamics can directly promote the bioavailability and dissociation of Pb at the soil–water interface. This finding provides a new perspective for further studies on the mechanism of Pb speciation evolution and accumulation changes using EKAPR.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Yunnan Province (No. 2018FD020), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41701362, No. 22066027, No. 51768074), Scientific Research Foundation of Yunnan Agricultural University (No. A2002419), Yunnan Agricultural Foundation Research Projects (No. 202101BD070001-113), in addition, Innovation Team for Farmland Non-pollution Production of Yunnan Province (No. 2017HC015), and Young and Middle-aged Academic and Technical Leaders Reserve Talent Project of Yunnan Province (No. 202205AC160080).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People’s Republic of China

    Hongyan Ma, Jianfang Guo, Xuan Zhu, Wenyi Zhou, Ming Jiang, Junfen Xiong & Tianguo Li

  2. Faculty of Architectural Engineering, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People’s Republic of China

    Xiuding Shi

  3. Department of Geography and Tourism Management, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong, 675000, People’s Republic of China

    Zhengyang Duan

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  1. Hongyan Ma
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Contributions

MHY contributed to investigation, roles/writing—original draft preparation, and writing—review and editing; DZY contributed to conceptualization, data curation, and formal analysis; GJF contributed to project administration, writing—review and editing, and software; ZX, SXD, and ZWY performed data curation and formal analysis; JM performed validation and visualization; XJF contributed to resources and software; LTG contributed to methodology, funding acquisition, and writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Tianguo Li.

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Ma, H., Duan, Z., Guo, J. et al. Lead dissociation and redistribution properties of actual contaminated farmland soil after long-term EKAPR treatment. Environ Geochem Health 45, 9507–9524 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-022-01450-2

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