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Past, present and future trends of selected pesticidal and industrial POPs in Kuwait

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Abstract

Given the background of current global initiatives for controlling persistent organic pollutants (POPs), an overview of the scientific knowledge about the POPs issues in Kuwait is presented in this study. Both acute and chronic exposure to POPs can be associated with a wide range of deleterious health effects, including illness and death. POPs have drawn significant political and scientific interest in their fate and actions, particularly where local releases have resulted in dispersed contamination far from the source regions. These concerns inevitably led to the establishment of the Stockholm Convention (SC) on POPs. In recent years, Kuwait has carried out a wide variety of environmental research, in particular, on the monitoring of POPs in different matrices. The technological development facilitated to achieve the opposite monitoring of pesticidal and industrial POPs. The majority of these POPs are from a point source. Kuwait does not have pesticide manufacturing facilities and has not produced pesticides for POPs in the past. In the agriculture sector, Kuwait primarily imports pesticides for pest and disease control. This review encompasses the historical presence and current status of (pesticidal) organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and (industrial POPs) PCBs and PBDEs in Kuwait based on the export, import, consumption and usage. This research also contrasts pesticide and industrial POP data from various Kuwaiti environmental matrices with data from other parts of Asia, the EU, the USA and Africa.

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Acknowledgements

The author is grateful to the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS) for the funding to the project ‘The development of Kuwait’s National Implementation Plan (NIP) for Stockholm Convention on POPs (P216-42WE-03).’ The author extends his gratitude to Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research and the Stockholm Convention for the support. The author is thankful to the Kuwait Environment Public Authority.

Funding

The work has funded by Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS) for the funding to the project ‘The development of Kuwait’s National Implementation Plan (NIP) for Stockholm Convention on POPs (P216-42WE-03).’

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  1. Environmental and Climate Program, Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat, 13109, State of Kuwait

    Hassan Alshemmari

  2. Stockholm Convention Regional Center for Capacity-Building and the Transfer of Technology for West Asia (SCRC-Kuwait), Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat, 13109, State of Kuwait

    Hassan Alshemmari

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  1. Hassan Alshemmari
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Alshemmari, H. Past, present and future trends of selected pesticidal and industrial POPs in Kuwait. Environ Geochem Health 44, 3191–3214 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-01113-8

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