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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in indoor dusts from industrial factories, offices, and houses in northern Vietnam: Contamination characteristics and human exposure

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Abstract

Information about the occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in indoor dusts from various industrial sectors in Southeast Asia is still scarce. In this study, concentrations and congener-specific profiles of PBDEs were determined in indoor dusts from industrial factories, offices, and houses in northern Vietnam. Levels of Σ8PBDEs were higher in the office dusts (median 270; range 230–300 ng/g) and factory dusts (170; 89–510 ng/g) than in the house dusts (61; 25–140 ng/g). BDE-209 was the most dominant congener, accounting for 27–98% (average 62%) of Σ8PBDEs, suggesting the abundance of products treated with deca-BDE mixtures. Residential, commercial, and industrial activities in the studied locations of this survey were not significant sources of PBDEs as compared to those of informal waste processing activities in Vietnam. Relatively low PBDE concentrations detected in our dust samples partially reflect effectiveness of the global PBDE phase-out. Human exposure and health risk associated with dust-bound PBDEs were estimated, indicating acceptable levels of risk (i.e., neurobehavioral effects). The contributions of workplace dusts in total daily intake doses of PBDEs via dust ingestion were more important for local workers in informal recycling areas than factory workers and general population, raising the need of appropriate labor protection measures.

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Funding

This study was supported by Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (Grant code: QTAT01.01/19–20) and Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Fostering Joint International Research (B)) (18KK0300) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Viet Nam National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 99 Tran Quoc Toan, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam

    Lieu Thi Tran & Tien Cao Kieu

  2. University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam

    Hien Minh Bui, Huong Thi Anh Nguyen, Tuyen Huu Le, Minh Binh Tu & Anh Quoc Hoang

  3. Faculty of Chemical Technology and Environment, Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Khoai Chau, 17000, Hung Yen, Vietnam

    Nghia Trong Nguyen

  4. Faculty of Chemistry, TNU University of Science, Thai Nguyen University, Tan Thinh Ward, Thai Nguyen City, 24000, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam

    Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

  5. Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 10000, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Dat Tien Nguyen & Trung Quang Nguyen

  6. Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan

    Shin Takahashi & Anh Quoc Hoang

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  1. Lieu Thi Tran
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Lieu Thi Tran, Tien Cao Kieu, Hien Minh Bui, Nghia Trong Nguyen, Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen, Dat Tien Nguyen, Trung Quang Nguyen, Huong Thi Anh Nguyen, Tuyen Huu Le, Shin Takahashi, Minh Binh Tu, and Anh Quoc Hoang. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Anh Quoc Hoang, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Nghia Trong Nguyen or Anh Quoc Hoang.

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Tran, L.T., Kieu, T.C., Bui, H.M. et al. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in indoor dusts from industrial factories, offices, and houses in northern Vietnam: Contamination characteristics and human exposure. Environ Geochem Health 44, 2375–2388 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-01026-6

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