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The influence of physicochemical parameters on bioaccessibility-adjusted hazard quotients for copper, lead and zinc in different grain size fractions of urban street dusts and soils

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Abstract

When the hazard quotient for ingestion (HQI) of a trace element in soil and dust particles is adjusted for the element’s bioaccessibility, the HQI is typically reduced as compared to its calculation using pseudo-total element concentration. However, those studies have mostly used bulk particles (<2 mm or <250 µm), and the reduction in HQI when expressed as bioaccessible metal may not be similar among particle size fractions, the possibility probed by the present study of street dusts and soils collected in Tehran. The highest Cu, Pb and Zn near-total concentrations occurred in the finest particles of dusts and soils. Bioaccessible concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn in the particles (mg kg−1) were obtained using simple bioaccessibility extraction test (SBET). The bioaccessibility (%) did not vary much among near-total concentrations. In the bulk (<250 µm) sample, the bioaccessible concentration of Cu and Pb increased as the pH of sample increased, while Zn bioaccessibility (%) in the bulk particles was influenced by organic matter and cation exchange capacity. X-ray diffraction identified sulfide and sulfate minerals in all of the size-fractionated particles, which are insoluble to slightly soluble in acidic conditions and included most of the Cu and Pb in the samples. The only Zn-bearing mineral identified was hemimorphite, which would be highly soluble in the SBET conditions. The calculated HQI suggested potential non-carcinogenic health risk to children and adults from ingestions of soils and dusts regardless of particle size consideration, in the order of Zn > Pb ≥ Cu. The HQI calculated from near-total metal was not much different for particle size classes relative to bulk particles; however, the bioaccessibility percent-adjusted HQI for Pb was higher for the smaller particles than the bulk. This work is novel in its approach to compare HQI for a bulk sample of particles with its composite particle size fractions.

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Fig. 1

Data from Iran Meteorological Organization (2015)

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for financial support from BH from Canada’s Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), from Vale Canada Ltd. and from Glencore Integrated Operations. The authors also greatly acknowledge technical and analytical support provided by the School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph. We are grateful to Ms. M. Saadati for assisting in the sampling and University of Shiraz research council to provide analytical support for physiochemical properties of samples. The authors also greatly thank Mr. Peter Smith, instrument laboratory manager at University of Guelph, for assistance in analytical projects and Dr. M. Thierry, University of Montreal, for XRD analysis of samples.

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  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran

    Sharareh Dehghani & Farid Moore

  2. School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada

    Luba Vasiluk & Beverley A. Hale

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  1. Sharareh Dehghani
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Dehghani, S., Moore, F., Vasiluk, L. et al. The influence of physicochemical parameters on bioaccessibility-adjusted hazard quotients for copper, lead and zinc in different grain size fractions of urban street dusts and soils. Environ Geochem Health 40, 1155–1174 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-017-9994-6

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