Abstract
The harmful dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi is responsible for the mortality of aquatic animals. However, the mechanism behind these toxic effects has not been fully determined. Herein, the toxic effects of K. mikimotoi on the growth performance, antioxidative responses, physiological activities, and energetic substance contents of rotifer Brachionus plicatilis were assessed. Rotifers were exposed to Nannochloropsis salina (Eustigmatophyceae), K. mikimotoi, and a mixture of N. salina and K. mikimotoi with biomass ratio proportions of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3, respectively. Results indicated that K. mikimotoi negatively affected the population growth, survival, and specific growth rates of rotifers within 24 h. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the content of malondialdehyde, and the activity of amylase increased. However, the total antioxidant capacity level, pepsase, cellulase, alkaline phosphatase, xanthine oxidase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities, and glycogen and protein contents decreased with increasing proportions of K. mikimotoi. The mixture of 50% N. salina and 50% K. mikimotoi promoted the increase in glutamic–pyruvic transaminase activity and triglyceride content. These findings underscore ROS-mediated antioxidative responses, physiological responses, and energetic substance content changes in B. plicatilis work together to affect population dynamics inhibition of rotifers by K. mikimotoi.
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Acknowledgements
The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant number: 42206217), the Fund of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, China (Grant number: EPR2020004), the Open–End Funds of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, China (Grant number: HS2021001), and the Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of NUIST, China (Grant numbers: 2018r040 and 2020r062).
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YL: Investigation, Conceptualization, Methodology, Visualization, Writing-original draft, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Writing-review & editing. JY: Methodology, Visualization. ZN: Data curation, Software, Validation. JZ: Methodology. HG: Project administration, Supervision, Writing-review & editing.
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Liang, Y., Yang, J., Ni, Z. et al. Dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi on the growth performance, antioxidative responses, and physiological activities of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. Ecotoxicology 32, 768–781 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-023-02686-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-023-02686-z