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Physiological and microbiological hormesis in sedge Eleocharis palustris induced by crude oil in phytoremediation of flooded clay soil

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Abstract

Soil contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons affects plants and rhizospheric microorganisms. Microbial activity participates in important biochemical processes that stimulate, together with plants, the modification of toxic compounds for organisms. A nine-month experiment was set up to study the effect over time of oil on plant height (cm), formation of new plants, plant matter production (gravimetry), and population of rhizospheric microorganisms (serial dilution) in the sedge Eleocharis palustris. Removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (soxhlet and gravimetry) from the soil was also evaluated. The means of the evaluated variables registered significant statistical differences (Duncan, p < 0.05) regarding the age of the plant and the amount of crude oil. There was a high correlation between oil and plant height (0.848) and with new plants (0.994). 60 mg oil dose promoted the greatest statistical difference in the amounts of roots and plant biomass (p < 0.05). E. palustris exposed to 60 and 75 mg of oil stimulated high densities of microalgae, actinomycetes, fungi, hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria and Pseudomonas spp; the overall ratio was 2:1 relative to natural attenuation. Plant and microorganism variables evaluated registered physiological and microbiological hormetic indices ≥1, showing a positive linear relationship. Natural attenuation was more efficient in removing crude oil. We conclude that E. palustris is tolerant to oil exposure. It is suggested to combine it with natural attenuation for the optimization of soils contaminated with crude oil.

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Acknowledgements

Karla Chavez thanks the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) of Mexico for the scholarship no. 1031784 granted during his Master of Sciences studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Tabasco, Laboratorio de Microbiología Agrícola y Ambiental. Km 2.5 Periférico Carlos A. Molina, CP 86570 H, Cárdenas, Tabasco, México

    Karla Chávez-Álvarez, María del Carmen Rivera-Cruz, Lorenzo A. Aceves-Navarro & Rubén García-de la Cruz

  2. Universidad Popular de la Chontalpa, Cuerpo Académico Energía y Medioambiente. Chontalpa, Carretera Cárdenas-Huimanguillo km 2, Ra. Paso y Playa, H. Cárdenas, CP 86500 H, Cárdenas, Tabasco, México

    Antonio Trujillo-Narcía

  3. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental. Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, CP 07738, México

    Armando Vega-López

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  1. Karla Chávez-Álvarez
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Chávez-Álvarez, K., del Carmen Rivera-Cruz, M., Aceves-Navarro, L.A. et al. Physiological and microbiological hormesis in sedge Eleocharis palustris induced by crude oil in phytoremediation of flooded clay soil. Ecotoxicology 31, 1241–1253 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-022-02583-x

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