Abstract
Bioinsecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner, 1915 are widely used to control lepidopteran in several crops. However, surviving insects exposed to the sub-lethal concentration of Bt-based bioinsecticides can suffer a multitude of effects on the biological conditioning known as hormesis. Here, we aimed to provide a clearer understanding of the biological conditioning of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner, 1818), exposed to different concentrations of a Bt-based bioinsecticide, by assessing life table parameters over three generations. We defined five sub-lethal concentrations (LC5, LC10, LC15, LC20, and LC25) from the response curve estimate of A. gemmatalis. Deionized water was used as a control. We assessed the parameters of eggs-viability and the duration of the stages, incubation, larval, pre-pupal, pupal, adult, pre-oviposition and total biological cycle. Data were used to construct the fertility life table using the two-sex program. The survival curves showed greater variation in the proportion of individuals at each development stage using the LC25. The sub-lethal concentrations did not influence the incubation-eggs period, pre-pupal and pupal. However, the larval and adult stages using LC25 and LC10 were the most affected. Changes in sex ratio were observed using LC20 and LC5. The toxic effect of Bt-based bioinsecticide interfered mainly in the parameters of fertility, sex ratio, net reproduction rate (R0), and gross reproduction rate (GRR).
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FOF, JAD, and RAP conceived and designed the research. FOF, TDS, and ACS conducted experiments. FOF and TDS analyzed the data. FOF wrote the first draft. NPD and RAP revised and edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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We thank the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and the Paulista State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” for the scholarship and infrastructure grants. This study was financed in part by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel - Brazil (CAPES) - Financial Code 001.
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Fernandes, F.O., de Souza, T.D., Sanches, A.C. et al. Sub-lethal effects of a Bt-based bioinsecticide on the biological conditioning of Anticarsia gemmatalis. Ecotoxicology 30, 2071–2082 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-021-02476-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-021-02476-5