Abstract
Concentrations of trace elements (cadmium, lead, copper, manganese and zinc) were examined in eggs of black-tailed gulls (Larus crassirostris) from Hongdo Island, Korea to determine the difference and distribution of trace elements in eggshells and egg contents. Cadmium, lead and manganese concentrations were greater in eggshells than in egg contents. In contrast, zinc concentrations were higher in egg contents than in eggshells. Trace element concentrations followed the order: zinc > lead = manganese = copper > cadmium (eggshells) and zinc > copper > manganese > lead > cadmium (egg contents). Cadmium concentrations were relatively low (<1 μg/g dw) in egg contents and eggshells. Concentrations of cadmium, lead and copper were significantly correlated between egg contents and eggshells. This indicates that cadmium, lead and copper levels in the eggshell can reflect their levels in the egg contents. There was also a high ratio (3.2) of eggshell/egg content for lead. These results indicate that the eggshell might be useful as a bio-indicator for monitoring cadmium, lead and copper in the egg content.
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Acknowledgments
We are grateful on Thomas W. Custer (USGS) for a critical reading and comments of the manuscript. There is no financial assistance/support for this work.
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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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Kim, J., Oh, JM. Trace element concentrations in eggshells and egg contents of black-tailed gull (Larus crassirostris) from Korea. Ecotoxicology 23, 1147–1152 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1256-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1256-0