Abstract
Freshwater populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) have diverged from their marine ancestor and show extensive variation among populations throughout most of their range. However, phenotypes of freshwater populations from the east coast of North America do not appear to demonstrate extensive variability observed throughout the rest of the species’ range. The relatively young age of east coast North American populations may explain the apparent lack of freshwater variability. On the other hand, populations in this part of the species’ range have not received the same level of attention as populations throughout the rest of its range have, and the low level of variability observed may simply reflect a lack of data for this region. We examined morphological traits (including linear measurements of body armor and body shape) of stickleback from 52 locations representing marine and freshwater populations along the west coast of Newfoundland, Canada. We found that variability in morphological traits among freshwater populations was much more extensive than previously assumed and similar to patterns observed for populations in mainland British Columbia, Alaska, and western Europe.
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Acknowledgements
J. Moriera, M. Graham, D. Budgill, and W. Rauch-Davis assisted with collections, and W. Rauch-Davis also assisted with image capture and digitization. This research was supported by the Grenfell Campus Research Fund, approved by the Memorial University Animal Care committee, and conducted under collection permits issued by Parks Canada and the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
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Scott, R.J., Haines, G.E., Biedak, N.R. et al. Variation in morphology among populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from western Newfoundland, Canada. Environ Biol Fish 106, 1889–1905 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-023-01464-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-023-01464-4