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Feeding kinematics and ethology of Blue Sharks, Prionace glauca (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae)

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Abstract

Kinematic and behavioral studies of feeding performance in large, pelagic sharks have historically been hindered by logistical limitations including a lack of access to specimens and the availability of durable, field-portable video systems. This study uses high-speed videography of wild Blue Sharks Prionace glauca to present the first kinematic analysis of feeding in the species using bite duration as the principal metric of performance. The mean duration of ingestion bites wherein food items were consumed in a single, uninterrupted bite sequence was 0.41 ± 0.016 s. Bite duration varied across individuals, and indices of stereotypy indicate that feeding performance also varied at the individual level. Correlations between feeding behaviors and kinematics of P. glauca are reported and discussed with respect to biotic and abiotic variables, including food size, depth, and the presence of conspecific and heterospecific sharks. Based on the variability and modulation of feeding performance in the Blue Shark, we propose the feeding modulation in pelagic generalists (FMPG) hypothesis, which states that the ability to modulate feeding performance in an environment with patchy nutrient availability confers an adaptive benefit to pelagic sharks with varied diets.

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Fig. 1

© 2022 Data SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, NGA, GEBCO; Image Landsat/Copernicus. b Diagram of the PVC frame and camera arrangement used to record feeding performance of P. glauca. Food items are placed centrally in the cameras’ combined field of view. Note that the diagram only reflects the relative arrangement of equipment and study animals and is not drawn to scale. Arrow indicates the direction of movement of the study animal relative to the camera rig

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Data availability

Video and kinematic data are available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

We thank J. Clappin, P. Clappin, B. Faulkner, and J. Harrison for volunteering their time and use of their vessels during the fieldwork portion of this study. N. Barile, D. Cook, C. Faulkner, and B. Raymond provided logistical support during portions of the fieldwork. J.K.M. thanks E. Griep for assisting in manuscript preparation. This research project was reviewed and approved by the Research Advisory Board of the Atlantic Shark Institute.

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This work was funded by the Atlantic Shark Institute.

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  1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA

    Joshua K. Moyer

  2. Atlantic Shark Institute, P.O. Box 17, Wakefield, RI, 02880, USA

    Joshua K. Moyer & Jon Dodd

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Study design was completed by J. K. Moyer. Data collection was performed by J. K. Moyer and J. Dodd. Data analysis was performed by J. K. Moyer. The first draft of the manuscript was written by J. K. Moyer. J. Dodd and J. K. Moyer reviewed and approved the final manuscript. Funding procurement and volunteer coordination for fieldwork were completed by J. Dodd. Video equipment was supplied by J. K. Moyer.

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Correspondence to Joshua K. Moyer.

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Moyer, J.K., Dodd, J. Feeding kinematics and ethology of Blue Sharks, Prionace glauca (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae). Environ Biol Fish 106, 1207–1232 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-023-01408-y

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