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A long-term study on the larval distribution of the migratory fish Salminus brasiliensis (Characiformes: Bryconidae) in a dam-free section of the Paraná River, Brazil

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to use larval density data to investigate the temporal reproductive pattern and use of different biotopes of the Paraná River as areas of reproduction and the initial development of the migratory fish Salminus brasiliensis. During 15 reproductive periods (October to March) between 2001 and 2019, three biotopes (channel, tributary, and lake) of the upper Paraná River floodplain were sampled using conical-cylindrical plankton nets equipped with a flowmeter. The highest larvae densities were recorded between October and January, with a predominance of the pre-flexion and flexion stages captured mainly in the Paraná River channel. Larvae in the yolk-sac stage were most common in the tributaries. Temperature, pH, and rainfall were the main variables that influenced larval density. Our results showed that the reproduction of S. brasiliensis may have failed during a few reproductive periods and that the species uses different biotopes of the Paraná River for spawning and development, i.e., the tributaries and the river channels and lakes, respectively. Thus, providing conditions enabling a smooth migration to the tributaries for spawning as well as ensuring safe development in the river channels and lakes during their reproductive periods could help conserve this vulnerable species. Moreover, actions aimed at recovering the stocks of the species depend on the conservation of different floodplain environments and the maintenance of their original characteristics and on policies aimed to conserve the species, such as the prohibition of fishing.

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Data availability

The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Grupo de Pesquisas em Recursos Pesqueiros e Limnologia, Instituto Neotropical de Pesquisas Ambientais, and Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná for providing technical support.

Funding

This study was funded by Itaipu Binacional.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Neotropical de Pesquisas Ambientais, Grupo de Pesquisas em Recursos Pesqueiros e Limnologia, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Toledo, Paraná, Brazil

    Pablo Henrique dos Santos Picapedra, Pitágoras Augusto Piana & Paulo Vanderlei Sanches

  2. Grupo de Estudos em Ciências Ambientais e Educação, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Mundo Novo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

    Elaine Antoniassi Luiz Kashiwaqui

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Contributions

Conceptualization: Pablo Henrique dos Santos Picapedra, Elaine Antoniassi Luiz Kashiwaqui, Pitágoras Augusto Piana, Paulo Vanderlei Sanches; Methodology: Pablo Henrique dos Santos Picapedra, Paulo Vanderlei Sanches; Formal analysis and investigation: Pablo Henrique dos Santos Picapedra, Elaine Antoniassi Luiz Kashiwaqui, Pitágoras Augusto Piana, Paulo Vanderlei Sanches; Writing – original draft preparation: Pablo Henrique dos Santos Picapedra; Writing—review and editing: Pablo Henrique dos Santos Picapedra, Elaine Antoniassi Luiz Kashiwaqui, Pitágoras Augusto Piana, Paulo Vanderlei Sanches; Funding acquisition: Paulo Vanderlei Sanches; Resources: Paulo Vanderlei Sanches; Supervision: Paulo Vanderlei Sanches.

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Correspondence to Pablo Henrique dos Santos Picapedra.

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Ethical approval

Given that these were field samples, this study did not employ any type of experimental procedure, surgery, or chemical agents that induced neuromuscular blocks in the organisms collected. The authors also emphasised that the organisms captured were not part of faunal survey projects. The organisms collected were euthanized in plastic vials with the application of benzocaine hydrochloride (anaesthetic), according to the guidelines of the Conselho Nacional de Controle de Experimentação Animal and the Conselho de Ética em Experimentação Animal of the Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná.

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dos Santos Picapedra, P.H., Kashiwaqui, E.A.L., Piana, P.A. et al. A long-term study on the larval distribution of the migratory fish Salminus brasiliensis (Characiformes: Bryconidae) in a dam-free section of the Paraná River, Brazil. Environ Biol Fish 106, 641–656 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-023-01403-3

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