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Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Positive Non-cardia Gastric Adenocarcinoma Is Low and Decreasing in a US Population

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Abstract

Background

Helicobacter pylori infection is an established causal factor for non-cardia gastric cancer. H. pylori negative gastric cancer prevalence among US patients is unclear.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study examined H. pylori prevalence among consecutive patients with incident non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma at the Houston VA Hospital (11/2007–10/2018). H. pylori positivity was defined by H. pylori on histopathology, positive antibody serology, stool antigen, or urea breath testing. We examined for trends in H. pylori negative gastric cancer based on year of diagnosis. Associations between histopathologic and cancer-related outcomes with H. pylori positivity were determined using regression models.

Results

Of 91 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, most were men (N = 87, 95.6%), black (N = 47, 51.6%), with mean age at diagnosis of 68.0 years (SD 10.8). In addition to gastric cancer biopsy histopathology, 74 patients (81.3%) had ≥ 1 testing for H. pylori, including antibody serology (n = 34), non-cancer gastric biopsy histopathology (n = 63), or stool antigen (n = 1). The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 38.5% and 45.9% among patients with ≥ 2 H. pylori tests. The proportions of H. pylori positive gastric cancer decreased from 50.0% (2007–2010) to 43.4% (2011–2014) and 29.3% (2015–2018) (p = 0.096). Active/acute gastritis (adjOR 3.74), atrophic gastritis (adjOR 15.30), and gastric intestinal metaplasia (adjOR 3.65) were associated with H. pylori positive gastric cancer.

Discussion

The prevalence of H. pylori infection among patients with non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma is relatively low (38.5–45.9%) and decreasing over time. This finding suggests there may be other important causal factors apart from H. pylori for gastric adenocarcinoma.

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Funding

This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant P30 DK056338 (Study Design and Clinical Research Core), which supports the Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center. This research was supported in part with resources at the VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (#CIN 13-413), at the Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX. The opinions expressed reflect those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department of Veterans Affairs, the US government or Baylor College of Medicine.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM 285, Houston, TX, 77030-3498, USA

    Theresa H. Nguyen, Niharika Mallepally, Tariq Hammad, Yan Liu, Hashem B. El-Serag & Mimi C. Tan

  2. Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    Aaron P. Thrift

  3. Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    Aaron P. Thrift

  4. Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Yan Liu & Hashem B. El-Serag

Authors
  1. Theresa H. Nguyen
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  2. Niharika Mallepally
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  4. Yan Liu
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  7. Mimi C. Tan
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Contributions

(i) Mimi C. Tan, MD, MPH is guarantor of the article; (ii) Specific author contributions: THN collected and analyzed the data, designed the research study, wrote the paper, and contributed to the design of the study; NM and TH collected the data and contributed to the design of the study; YL analyzed the data and contributed to the design of the study; APT, HBE, MCT analyzed the data, designed the research study, wrote the paper, and contributed to the design of the study; (iii) All authors have approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mimi C. Tan.

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Nguyen, T.H., Mallepally, N., Hammad, T. et al. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Positive Non-cardia Gastric Adenocarcinoma Is Low and Decreasing in a US Population. Dig Dis Sci 65, 2403–2411 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-019-05955-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-019-05955-2

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