Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

An efficient content placement scheme based on normalized node degree in content centric networking

  • Published:
Cluster Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Content-centric networking (CCN) becomes an imminent Internet architecture that emphasizes the data-centric approach for information retrieval instead of searching for the hosts in the network. CCN offers data (content) caching and its distribution capabilities to reduce average latency, the load of data servers, and improve network bandwidth utilization during content delivery. In this direction, the performance of node degree centrality and distance-based autonomous caching strategies have been investigated. Then, a novel content caching strategy called content placement based on normalized node degree and distance (CPNDD) is proposed. The CPNDD scheme considers content provider distance and node degree centrality parameters together to select the optimal cache locations for comprehensive utilization of the available caching capacities and a further reduction in average latency during content retrieval. The weights for these caching parameters have been determined via widespread simulations on the Abilene networks. The proposed caching scheme is implemented and tested in the simulated environment of ndnSIM and compared with peer competing schemes in CCN. The execution outcomes are examined for different caching capacities (50 and 100), Zipf popularity skewness factors (0.7 and 1.0) and request rates (50/s and 100/s). The simulation executions illustrate that CPNDD caching strategy escalates the cache hit probability and hop-reduction ratio up-to \(8\%\) and \(9\%\) as compared to existing schemes. Hence, the proposed content placement scheme improves the performance of CCN networks considerably and makes it suitable for the applications of Industry 4.0.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tiwari, R., Kumar, N.: Cooperative gateway cache invalidation scheme for internet-based vehicular ad hoc networks. Wireless Pers. Commun. 85(4), 1789–1814 (2015)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. Tiwari, R., Kumar, N.: Minimizing query delay using co-operation in ivanet. Procedia Comput. Sci. 57, 84–90 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Tiwari, R., Kumar, N.: An adaptive cache invalidation technique for wireless environments. Telecommun. Syst. 62(1), 149–165 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Pourghebleh, B., Hayyolalam, V.: A comprehensive and systematic review of the load balancing mechanisms in the internet of things. Clust. Comput. 23, 641–661 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Tiwari, R., Kumar, N.: A novel hybrid approach for web caching. In: Proceedings of the 2012 Sixth International Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing, IEEE, 2012, pp 512–517

  6. Zhang, L., Estrin, D., Burke, J., Jacobson, V.: Thornton JD, Smetters DK, Zhang B, Tsudik G, Massey D, Papadopoulos C, et al.: Named data networking (ndn) project. Relatório Técnico NDN-0001, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center-PARC 157:158 (2010)

  7. Jacobson, V., Smetters, DK., Briggs, NH., Plass, MF., Stewart, P., Thornton, JD., Braynard, RL.: Voccn: voice-over content-centric networks. In: Proceedings of the 2009 workshop on Re-architecting the internet, ACM, 2009, pp 1–6

  8. Vasilakos, A.V., Li, Z., Simon, G., You, W.: Information centric network: research challenges and opportunities. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 52, 1–10 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Mars, D., Gammar, S.M., Lahmadi, A., Saidane, L.A.: Using information centric networking in internet of things: a survey. Wireless Pers. Commun. 105(1), 87–103 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Ioannou, A., Weber, S.: A survey of caching policies and forwarding mechanisms in information-centric networking. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 18(4), 2847–2886 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Jacobson, V., Smetters, DK., Thornton, JD., Plass, MF., Briggs, NH., Braynard, RL.: Networking named content. In: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Emerging networking experiments and technologies, ACM, 2009, pp 1–12

  12. Aboud, A., Touati, H., Hnich, B.: Efficient forwarding strategy in a ndn-based internet of things. Clust. Comput. 22(3), 805–818 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Ahmed, S.H., Bouk, S.H., Kim, D.: Content-centric networks: an overview, applications and research challenges. Springer, New York (2016)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  14. Psaras, I., Chai, WK., Pavlou, G.: Probabilistic in-network caching for information-centric networks. In: Proceedings of the second edition of the ICN workshop on Information-centric networking, ACM, 2012, pp 55–60

  15. Qazi, F., Khalid, O., Rais, R.N.B., Khan, I.A., et al.: Optimal content caching in content-centric networks. Wireless Commun. Mobile Comput. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6373960

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Chen, T., Li, H., An, J., Wang, Y., Sun, J., WAang, H.: The improved multi-attribute caching: An efficient cache strategy in ccn. In: Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 9th International Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN), IEEE, 2010, pp 1007–1011

  17. Wang, S., Bi, J., Wu, J., Vasilakos, A.V.: CPHR: iin-network caching for information-centric networking with partitioning and hash-routing. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 24(5), 2742–2755 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Abdullahi, I., Arif, S., Hassan, S.: Survey on caching approaches in information centric networking. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 56, 48–59 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Laoutaris, N., Che, H., Stavrakakis, I.: The lcd interconnection of lru caches and its analysis. Perform. Eval. 63(7), 609–634 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Rossi, D., Rossini, G.: On sizing ccn content stores by exploiting topological information. In: 2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM Workshops, IEEE, 2012, pp 280–285

  21. Jaber, G., Kacimi, R.: A collaborative caching strategy for content-centric enabled wireless sensor networks. Comput. Commun. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2020.05.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Kumar, S., Tiwari, R.: Optimized content centric networking for future internet: dynamic popularity window based caching scheme. Comput. Netw. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2020.107434

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Kumar, S., Tiwari, R., Obaidat, MS., Kumar, N., Hsiao, KF.: Cpndd: Content placement approach in content centric networking. In: Proceedings of the ICC 2020-2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), IEEE, 2020, pp 1–6

  24. Arianfar, S., Nikander, P., Ott, J.: On content-centric router design and implications. In: Proceedings of the Re-Architecting the Internet Workshop, ACM, 2010, p 5

  25. Psaras, I., Chai, W.K., Pavlou, G.: In-network cache management and resource allocation for information-centric networks. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 25(11), 2920–2931 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Sourlas, V., Paschos, GS., Flegkas, P., Tassiulas, L.: Caching in content-based publish/subscribe systems. In: Proceedings of the GLOBECOM 2009-2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, IEEE, 2009, pp 1–6

  27. Lal, K.N., Kumar, A.: A centrality-measures based caching scheme for content-centric networking (ccn). Multimedia Tools Appl. 77(14), 17625–17642 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Liu, Y., Yu, S.Z.: Network coding-based multisource content delivery in content centric networking. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 64, 167–175 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2016.02.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Wang, W., Sun, Y., Guo, Y., Kaafar, D., Jin, J., Li, J., Li, Z.: Crcache: Exploiting the correlation between content popularity and network topology information for ICN caching. In: Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE international conference on communications (ICC), IEEE, 2014, pp 3191–3196

  30. Cho, K., Lee, M., Park, K., Kwon, TT., Choi, Y., Pack, S.: Wave: Popularity-based and collaborative in-network caching for content-oriented networks. In: 2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM Workshops, IEEE, 2012, pp 316–321

  31. Bernardini, C., Silverston, T., Festor, O.: Mpc: Popularity-based caching strategy for content centric networks. In: Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE international conference on communications (ICC), IEEE, 2013, pp 3619–3623

  32. Ren, J., Qi, W., Westphal, C., Wang, J., Lu, K., Liu, S., Wang, S.: Magic: A distributed max-gain in-network caching strategy in information-centric networks. In: Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE conference on computer communications workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), IEEE, 2014, pp 470–475

  33. Ong, MD., Chen, M., Taleb, T., Wang, X., Leung, VC.: Fgpc: fine-grained popularity-based caching design for content centric networking. In: Proceedings of the 17th ACM international conference on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems, 2014, pp 295–302

  34. Naeem, M.A., Nor, S.A., Hassan, S., Kim, B.S.: Compound popular content caching strategy in named data networking. Electronics 8(7), 771 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Wu, H.T., Cho, H.H., Wang, S.J., Tseng, F.H.: Intelligent data cache based on content popularity and user location for content centric networks. Human-centric Comput. Inf. Sci. 9(1), 1–16 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Chithaluru, P., Tiwari, R., Kumar, K.: Areor-adaptive ranking based energy efficient opportunistic routing scheme in wireless sensor network. Comput. Netw. 162, 106863 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Shan, S., Feng, C., Zhang, T., Loo, J.: Proactive caching placement for arbitrary topology with multi-hop forwarding in icn. IEEE Access 7, 149117–149131 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Nguyen, Q.N., Liu, J., Pan, Z., Benkacem, I., Tsuda, T., Taleb, T., Shimamoto, S., Sato, T.: Ppcs: a progressive popularity-aware caching scheme for edge-based cache redundancy avoidance in information-centric networks. Sensors 19(3), 694 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Hou, R., Zhang, L., Wu, T., Mao, T., Luo, J.: Bloom-filter-based request node collaboration caching for named data networking. Clust. Comput. 22(3), 6681–6692 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Kalghoum, A., Saidane, L.A.: Fcr-ns: a novel caching and forwarding strategy for named data networking based on software defined networking. Clust. Comput. 22(3), 981–994 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Talaat, FM., Ali, SH., Saleh, AI., Ali, HA.: Effective cache replacement strategy (ECRS) for real-time fog computing environment. Clust. Comput. 1–25 (2020)

  42. Lal, K.N., Kumar, A.: A popularity based content eviction scheme via betweenness-centrality caching approach for content-centric networking (CCN). Wireless Netw. 25(2), 585–596 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Yang, H., Wang, X., Yang, C., Cong, X., Zhang, Y.: Securing content-centric networks with content-based encryption. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 128, 21–32 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2018.12.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Rosensweig, EJ., Kurose, J., Towsley, D.: Approximate models for general cache networks. In: 2010 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM, IEEE, 2010, pp 1–9

  45. Katsaros, K., Xylomenos, G., Polyzos, G.C.: Multicache: an overlay architecture for information-centric networking. Comput. Netw. 55(4), 936–947 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Ben-Ammar, H., Hadjadj-Aoul, Y., Rubino, G., Ait-Chellouche, S.: On the performance analysis of distributed caching systems using a customizable markov chain model. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 130, 39–51 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2019.01.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Chen, L., Tang, H., Luo, X., Bai, Y., Zhang, Z.: Gain-aware caching scheme based on popularity monitoring in information-centric networking. IEICE Trans. Commun. (2016). https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2015EBP3539

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy studies, Dehradun, India

    Sumit Kumar & Rajeev Tiwari

Authors
  1. Sumit Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rajeev Tiwari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rajeev Tiwari.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kumar, S., Tiwari, R. An efficient content placement scheme based on normalized node degree in content centric networking. Cluster Comput 24, 1277–1291 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-020-03185-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-020-03185-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation