Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Breast brain metastases are associated with increased risk of leptomeningeal disease after stereotactic radiosurgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Clinical & Experimental Metastasis Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Brain metastases are the most common malignant tumors of the brain. Leptomeningeal dissemination is a late-stage complication of intracranial metastasis and portends an extremely poor prognosis. An increased risk of leptomeningeal disease (LMD) from metastatic breast cancer compared to other cancer types after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been reported. Validation of this observation has significant public health ramifications. The aim of this study was to determine the consistency of this association in the available literature via formal meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature. Searches of seven electronic databases from inception to August 2019 were conducted following PRISMA guidelines and appropriate selection criteria. Prognostic hazard ratios (HRs) for LMD in breast cancer brain metastases derived from multivariate regression analysis were analyzed using meta-analysis of proportions. Our search strategy identified 8 studies meeting inclusion criteria which provided data on 2555 unique brain metastases patients treated with SRS. The risk of LMD in the setting of breast cancer brain metastasis was significantly greater compared to other histologic cancer types (pooled HR = 2.22; 95% CI 1.69–2.93; P < 0.001). Statistical assessment of small studies bias and heterogeneity were negative. Outcome certainty was low. Breast cancer brain metastases are associated with an increased risk of LMD compared to other cancer types after SRS. The certainty of this outcome will be improved with future prospective studies. Providers should factor this increased susceptibility for LMD in breast cancer brain metastasis to allow for appropriate risk stratification and the development of appropriate surveillance paradigms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

LMD:

Leptomeningeal disease

SRS:

Stereotactic radiosurgery

References

  1. Ostrom QT, Wright CH, Barnholtz-Sloan JS (2018) Brain metastases: epidemiology. Handb Clin Neurol 149:27–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811161-1.00002-5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Lowery FJ, Yu D (2017) Brain metastasis: unique challenges and open opportunities. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 1867:49–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.12.001

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A (2015) Cancer statistics, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin 65:5–29. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21254

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Nieder C, Spanne O, Nordoy T, Dalhaug A (2011) Treatment of brain metastases from renal cell cancer. Urol Oncol 29:405–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2009.07.004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Pruitt AA (2017) Epidemiology, treatment, and complications of central nervous system metastases. Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn) 23:1580–1600. https://doi.org/10.1212/CON.0000000000000551

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Mahajan A, Ahmed S, McAleer MF, Weinberg JS, Li J, Brown P, Settle S, Prabhu SS, Lang FF, Levine N, McGovern S, Sulman E, McCutcheon IE, Azeem S, Cahill D, Tatsui C, Heimberger AB, Ferguson S, Ghia A, Demonte F, Raza S, Guha-Thakurta N, Yang J, Sawaya R, Hess KR, Rao G (2017) Post-operative stereotactic radiosurgery versus observation for completely resected brain metastases: a single-centre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 18:1040–1048. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30414-X

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Trifiletti DM, Sheehan JP, Grover S, Dutta SW, Rusthoven CG, Kavanagh BD, Sahgal A, Showalter TN (2017) National trends in radiotherapy for brain metastases at time of diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Neurosci 45:48–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2017.08.028

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Brown PD, Ballman KV, Cerhan JH, Anderson SK, Carrero XW, Whitton AC, Greenspoon J, Parney IF, Laack NNI, Ashman JB, Bahary JP, Hadjipanayis CG, Urbanic JJ, Barker FG 2nd, Farace E, Khuntia D, Giannini C, Buckner JC, Galanis E, Roberge D (2017) Postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery compared with whole brain radiotherapy for resected metastatic brain disease (NCCTG N107C/CEC.3): a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 18:1049–1060. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30441-2

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Brown PD, Jaeckle K, Ballman KV, Farace E, Cerhan JH, Anderson SK, Carrero XW, Barker FG 2nd, Deming R, Burri SH, Menard C, Chung C, Stieber VW, Pollock BE, Galanis E, Buckner JC, Asher AL (2016) Effect of radiosurgery alone vs radiosurgery with whole brain radiation therapy on cognitive function in patients with 1 to 3 brain metastases: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 316:401–409. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.9839

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Chang EL, Wefel JS, Hess KR, Allen PK, Lang FF, Kornguth DG, Arbuckle RB, Swint JM, Shiu AS, Maor MH, Meyers CA (2009) Neurocognition in patients with brain metastases treated with radiosurgery or radiosurgery plus whole-brain irradiation: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 10:1037–1044. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70263-3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Lamba N, Muskens IS, DiRisio AC, Meijer L, Briceno V, Edrees H, Aslam B, Minhas S, Verhoeff JJC, Kleynen CE, Smith TR, Mekary RA, Broekman ML (2017) Stereotactic radiosurgery versus whole-brain radiotherapy after intracranial metastasis resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiat Oncol (London, England) 12:106. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13014-017-0840-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Cagney DN, Lamba N, Sinha S, Catalano PJ, Bi WL, Alexander BM, Aizer AA (2019) Association of neurosurgical resection with development of pachymeningeal seeding in patients with brain metastases. JAMA Oncol 5:703–709. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.7204

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Lamba N, Cagney DN, Brigell RH, Martin AM, Besse LA, Catalano PJ, Phillips JG, Pashtan IM, Bi WL, Claus EB, Golby AJ, Dunn IF, Smith TR, Tanguturi SK, Haas-Kogan DA, Alexander BM, Aizer AA (2019) Neurosurgical resection and stereotactic radiation versus stereotactic radiation alone in patients with a single or solitary brain metastasis. World Neurosurg 122:e1557–e1561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2018.11.100

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Nayar G, Ejikeme T, Chongsathidkiet P, Elsamadicy AA, Blackwell KL, Clarke JM, Lad SP, Fecci PE (2017) Leptomeningeal disease: current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Oncotarget. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.20272

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Franzoi MA, Hortobagyi GN (2019) Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in patients with breast cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 135:85–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.01.020

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Valiente M, Ahluwalia MS, Boire A, Brastianos PK, Goldberg SB, Lee EQ, Le Rhun E, Preusser M, Winkler F, Soffietti R (2018) The evolving landscape of brain metastasis. Trends Cancer 4:176–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trecan.2018.01.003

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Atalar B, Modlin LA, Choi CY, Adler JR, Gibbs IC, Chang SD, Harsh GR, Li G, Nagpal S, Hanlon A, Soltys SG (2013) Risk of leptomeningeal disease in patients treated with stereotactic radiosurgery targeting the postoperative resection cavity for brain metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 87:713–718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.07.034

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Foreman PM, Jackson BE, Singh KP, Romeo AK, Guthrie BL, Fisher WS, Riley KO, Markert JM, Willey CD, Bredel M, Fiveash JB (2018) Postoperative radiosurgery for the treatment of metastatic brain tumor: evaluation of local failure and leptomeningeal disease. J Clin Neurosci 49:48–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2017.12.009

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Huang AJ, Huang KE, Page BR, Ayala-Peacock DN, Lucas JT Jr, Lesser GJ, Laxton AW, Tatter SB, Chan MD (2014) Risk factors for leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in patients with brain metastases who have previously undergone stereotactic radiosurgery. J Neurooncol 120:163–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-014-1539-6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Jo KI, Lim DH, Kim ST, Im YS, Kong DS, Seol HJ, Nam DH, Lee JI (2012) Leptomeningeal seeding in patients with brain metastases treated by gamma knife radiosurgery. J Neurooncol 109:293–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-012-0892-6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Johnson MD, Avkshtol V, Baschnagel AM, Meyer K, Ye H, Grills IS, Chen PY, Maitz A, Olson RE, Pieper DR, Krauss DJ (2016) Surgical resection of brain metastases and the risk of leptomeningeal recurrence in patients treated with stereotactic radiosurgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 94:537–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.11.022

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Ojerholm E, Lee JY, Thawani JP, Miller D, O'Rourke DM, Dorsey JF, Geiger GA, Nagda S, Kolker JD, Lustig RA, Alonso-Basanta M (2014) Stereotactic radiosurgery to the resection bed for intracranial metastases and risk of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. J Neurosurg 121(Suppl):75–83. https://doi.org/10.3171/2014.6.Gks14708

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Press RH, Zhang C, Chowdhary M, Prabhu RS, Ferris MJ, Xu KM, Olson JJ, Eaton BR, Shu HG, Curran WJ, Crocker IR, Patel KR (2018) Hemorrhagic and cystic brain metastases are associated with an increased risk of leptomeningeal dissemination after surgical resection and adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery. Neurosurgery. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyy436

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Soliman H, Myrehaug S, Tseng CL, Ruschin M, Hashmi A, Mainprize T, Spears J, Das S, Yang V, da Costa L, Maralani P, Heyn C, Atenafu EG, Sahgal A (2019) Image-guided, linac-based, surgical cavity-hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in 5 daily fractions for brain metastases. Neurosurgery. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyz162

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Fitzmaurice C, Abate D, Abbasi N, Abbastabar H, Abd-Allah F, Abdel-Rahman O, Abdelalim A, Abdoli A, Abdollahpour I, Abdulle ASM, Abebe ND, Abraha HN, Abu-Raddad LJ, Abualhasan A, Adedeji IA, Advani SM, Afarideh M, Afshari M, Aghaali M, Agius D, Agrawal S, Ahmadi A, Ahmadian E, Ahmadpour E, Ahmed MB, Akbari ME, Akinyemiju T, Al-Aly Z, AlAbdulKader AM, Alahdab F, Alam T, Alamene GM, Alemnew BTT, Alene KA, Alinia C, Alipour V, Aljunid SM, Bakeshei FA, Almadi MAH, Almasi-Hashiani A, Alsharif U, Alsowaidi S, Alvis-Guzman N, Amini E, Amini S, Amoako YA, Anbari Z, Anber NH, Andrei CL, Anjomshoa M, Ansari F, Ansariadi A, Appiah SCY, Arab-Zozani M, Arabloo J, Arefi Z, Aremu O, Areri HA, Artaman A, Asayesh H, Asfaw ET, Ashagre AF, Assadi R, Ataeinia B, Atalay HT, Ataro Z, Atique S, Ausloos M, Avila-Burgos L, Avokpaho E, Awasthi A, Awoke N, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayanore MA, Ayele HT, Babaee E, Bacha U, Badawi A, Bagherzadeh M, Bagli E, Balakrishnan S, Balouchi A, Barnighausen TW, Battista RJ, Behzadifar M, Behzadifar M, Bekele BB, Belay YB, Belayneh YM, Berfield KKS, Berhane A, Bernabe E, Beuran M, Bhakta N, Bhattacharyya K, Biadgo B, Bijani A, Bin Sayeed MS, Birungi C, Bisignano C, Bitew H, Bjorge T, Bleyer A, Bogale KA, Bojia HA, Borzi AM, Bosetti C, Bou-Orm IR, Brenner H, Brewer JD, Briko AN, Briko NI, Bustamante-Teixeira MT, Butt ZA, Carreras G, Carrero JJ, Carvalho F, Castro C, Castro F, Catala-Lopez F, Cerin E, Chaiah Y, Chanie WF, Chattu VK, Chaturvedi P, Chauhan NS, Chehrazi M, Chiang PP, Chichiabellu TY, Chido-Amajuoyi OG, Chimed-Ochir O, Choi JJ, Christopher DJ, Chu DT, Constantin MM, Costa VM, Crocetti E, Crowe CS, Curado MP, Dahlawi SMA, Damiani G, Darwish AH, Daryani A, das Neves J, Demeke FM, Demis AB, Demissie BW, Demoz GT, Denova-Gutierrez E, Derakhshani A, Deribe KS, Desai R, Desalegn BB, Desta M, Dey S, Dharmaratne SD, Dhimal M, Diaz D, Dinberu MTT, Djalalinia S, Doku DT, Drake TM, Dubey M, Dubljanin E, Duken EE, Ebrahimi H, Effiong A, Eftekhari A, El Sayed I, Zaki MES, El-Jaafary SI, El-Khatib Z, Elemineh DA, Elkout H, Ellenbogen RG, Elsharkawy A, Emamian MH, Endalew DA, Endries AY, Eshrati B, Fadhil I, Fallah V, Faramarzi M, Farhangi MA, Farioli A, Farzadfar F, Fentahun N, Fernandes E, Feyissa GT, Filip I, Fischer F, Fisher JL, Force LM, Foroutan M, Freitas M, Fukumoto T, Futran ND, Gallus S, Gankpe FG, Gayesa RT, Gebrehiwot TT, Gebremeskel GG, Gedefaw GA, Gelaw BK, Geta B, Getachew S, Gezae KE, Ghafourifard M, Ghajar A, Ghashghaee A, Gholamian A, Gill PS, Ginindza TTG, Girmay A, Gizaw M, Gomez RS, Gopalani SV, Gorini G, Goulart BNG, Grada A, Ribeiro Guerra M, Guimaraes ALS, Gupta PC, Gupta R, Hadkhale K, Haj-Mirzaian A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hamadeh RR, Hamidi S, Hanfore LK, Haro JM, Hasankhani M, Hasanzadeh A, Hassen HY, Hay RJ, Hay SI, Henok A, Henry NJ, Herteliu C, Hidru HD, Hoang CL, Hole MK, Hoogar P, Horita N, Hosgood HD, Hosseini M, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Househ M, Hussen MM, Ileanu B, Ilic MD, Innos K, Irvani SSN, Iseh KR, Islam SMS, Islami F, Jafari Balalami N, Jafarinia M, Jahangiry L, Jahani MA, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic M, James SL, Javanbakht M, Jayaraman S, Jee SH, Jenabi E, Jha RP, Jonas JB, Jonnagaddala J, Joo T, Jungari SB, Jurisson M, Kabir A, Kamangar F, Karch A, Karimi N, Karimian A, Kasaeian A, Kasahun GG, Kassa B, Kassa TD, Kassaw MW, Kaul A, Keiyoro PN, Kelbore AG, Kerbo AA, Khader YS, Khalilarjmandi M, Khan EA, Khan G, Khang YH, Khatab K, Khater A, Khayamzadeh M, Khazaee-Pool M, Khazaei S, Khoja AT, Khosravi MH, Khubchandani J, Kianipour N, Kim D, Kim YJ, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Komaki H, Koyanagi A, Krohn KJ, Bicer BK, Kugbey N, Kumar V, Kuupiel D, La Vecchia C, Lad DP, Lake EA, Lakew AM, Lal DK, Lami FH, Lan Q, Lasrado S, Lauriola P, Lazarus JV, Leigh J, Leshargie CT, Liao Y, Limenih MA, Listl S, Lopez AD, Lopukhov PD, Lunevicius R, Madadin M, Magdeldin S, El Razek HMA, Majeed A, Maleki A, Malekzadeh R, Manafi A, Manafi N, Manamo WA, Mansourian M, Mansournia MA, Mantovani LG, Maroufizadeh S, Martini SMS, Mashamba-Thompson TP, Massenburg BB, Maswabi MT, Mathur MR, McAlinden C, McKee M, Meheretu HAA, Mehrotra R, Mehta V, Meier T, Melaku YA, Meles GG, Meles HG, Melese A, Melku M, Memiah PTN, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Merat S, Meretoja TJ, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Mihretie KMM, Miller TR, Mills EJ, Mir SM, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei HR, Mishra R, Moazen B, Mohammad DK, Mohammad KA, Mohammad Y, Darwesh AM, Mohammadbeigi A, Mohammadi H, Mohammadi M, Mohammadian M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadoo-Khorasani M, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed AS, Mohammed JA, Mohammed S, Mohebi F, Mokdad AH, Monasta L, Moodley Y, Moosazadeh M, Moossavi M, Moradi G, Moradi-Joo M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradpour F, Morawska L, Morgado-da-Costa J, Morisaki N, Morrison SD, Mosapour A, Mousavi SM, Muche AA, Muhammed OSS, Musa J, Nabhan AR, Naderi M, Nagarajan AJ, Nagel G, Nahvijou A, Naik G, Najafi F, Naldi L, Nam HS, Nasiri N, Nazari J, Negoi I, Neupane S, Newcomb PA, Nggada HA, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen CT, Nikniaz L, Ningrum DNA, Nirayo YL, Nixon MR, Nnaji CA, Nojomi M, Nosratnejad S, Shiadeh MN, Obsa MS, Ofori-Asenso R, Ogbo FA, Oh IH, Olagunju AT, Olagunju TO, Oluwasanu MM, Omonisi AE, Onwujekwe OE, Oommen AM, Oren E, Ortega-Altamirano DDV, Ota E, Otstavnov SS, Owolabi MO, Padubidri JR, Pakhale S, Pakpour AH, Pana A, Park EK, Parsian H, Pashaei T, Patel S, Patil ST, Pennini A, Pereira DM, Piccinelli C, Pillay JD, Pirestani M, Pishgar F, Postma MJ, Pourjafar H, Pourmalek F, Pourshams A, Prakash S, Prasad N, Qorbani M, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Rafiei A, Rahim F, Rahimi M, Rahman MA, Rajati F, Rana SM, Raoofi S, Rath GK, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Reiner RC, Renzaho AMN, Rezaei N, Rezapour A, Ribeiro AI, Ribeiro D, Ronfani L, Roro EM, Roshandel G, Rostami A, Saad RS, Sabbagh P, Sabour S, Saddik B, Safiri S, Sahebkar A, Salahshoor MR, Salehi F, Salem H, Salem MR, Salimzadeh H, Salomon JA, Samy AM, Sanabria J, SantricMilicevic MM, Sartorius B, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Satpathy M, Savic M, Sawhney M, Sayyah M, Schneider IJC, Schottker B, Sekerija M, Sepanlou SG, Sepehrimanesh M, Seyedmousavi S, Shaahmadi F, Shabaninejad H, Shahbaz M, Shaikh MA, Shamshirian A, Shamsizadeh M, Sharafi H, Sharafi Z, Sharif M, Sharifi A, Sharifi H, Sharma R, Sheikh A, Shirkoohi R, Shukla SR, Si S, Siabani S, Silva DAS, Silveira DGA, Singh A, Singh JA, Sisay S, Sitas F, Sobngwi E, Soofi M, Soriano JB, Stathopoulou V, Sufiyan MB, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Tabuchi T, Takahashi K, Tamtaji OR, Tarawneh MR, Tassew SG, Taymoori P, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temsah MH, Temsah O, Tesfay BE, Tesfay FH, Teshale MY, Tessema GA, Thapa S, Tlaye KG, Topor-Madry R (2019) Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study. JAMA Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.2996

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Mubarik S, Malik SS, Wang Z, Li C, Fawad M, Yu C (2019) Recent insights into breast cancer incidence trends among four Asian countries using age-period-cohort model. Cancer Manag Res 11:8145–8155. https://doi.org/10.2147/CMAR.S208323

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Althman D (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 6:e1000097

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Hozo SP, Djulbegovic B, Hozo I (2005) Estimating the mean and variance from the median, range, and the size of a sample. BMC Med Res Methodol 5:13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-5-13

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Higgins J, Green S (2011) Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Wiley, Hoboken

    Google Scholar 

  30. Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG (2003) Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ Br Med J 327:557–560

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. DerSimonian R, Laird N (1986) Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 7:177–188

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Atkins D, Best D, Briss PA, Eccles M, Falck-Ytter Y, Flottorp S, Guyatt GH, Harbour RT, Haugh MC, Henry D, Hill S, Jaeschke R, Leng G, Liberati A, Magrini N, Mason J, Middleton P, Mrukowicz J, O'Connell D, Oxman AD, Phillips B, Schunemann HJ, Edejer T, Varonen H, Vist GE, Williams JW Jr, Zaza S (2004) Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ (Clin Res Ed) 328:1490. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7454.1490

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, Olkin I, Williamson GD, Rennie D, Moher D, Becker BJ, Sipe TA, Thacker SB (2000) Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA 283:2008–2012

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C (1997) Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ (Clin Res Ed) 315:629–634

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Begg CB, Mazumdar M (1994) Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. Biometrics 50:1088–1101

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Duval S, Tweedie R (2000) Trim and fill: a simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Biometrics 56:455–463

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Mendez JS, DeAngelis LM (2018) Metastatic complications of cancer involving the central and peripheral nervous systems. Neurol Clin 36:579–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ncl.2018.04.011

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Le Rhun E, Ruda R, Devos P, Hoang-Xuan K, Brandsma D, Perez Segura P, Soffietti R, Weller M (2017) Diagnosis and treatment patterns for patients with leptomeningeal metastasis from solid tumors across Europe. J Neurooncol 133:419–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-017-2452-6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Gurcay AG, Bozkurt I, Senturk S, Kazanci A, Gurcan O, Turkoglu OF, Beskonakli E (2018) Diagnosis, treatment, and management strategy of meningioma during pregnancy. Asian J Neurosurg 13:86–89. https://doi.org/10.4103/1793-5482.181115

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Morikawa A, Jordan L, Rozner R, Patil S, Boire A, Pentsova E, Seidman AD (2017) Characteristics and outcomes of patients with breast cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis. Clin Breast Cancer 17:23–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clbc.2016.07.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Yust-Katz S, Garciarena P, Liu D, Yuan Y, Ibrahim N, Yerushalmi R, Penas-Prado M, Groves MD (2013) Breast cancer and leptomeningeal disease (LMD): hormone receptor status influences time to development of LMD and survival from LMD diagnosis. J Neurooncol 114:229–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-013-1175-6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Komorowski AS, Warner E, MacKay HJ, Sahgal A, Pritchard KI, Jerzak KJ (2019) Incidence of brain metastases in nonmetastatic and metastatic breast cancer: is there a role for screening? Clin Breast Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clbc.2019.06.007

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Ammirati M, Nahed BV, Andrews D, Chen CC, Olson JJ (2019) Congress of neurological surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines on treatment options for adults with multiple metastatic brain tumors. Neurosurgery 84:E180–E182. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyy548

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Elder JB, Nahed BV, Linskey ME, Olson JJ (2019) Congress of neurological surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines on the role of emerging and investigational therapties for the treatment of adults with metastatic brain tumors. Neurosurgery 84:E201–E203. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyy547

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Nahed BV, Alvarez-Breckenridge C, Brastianos PK, Shih H, Sloan A, Ammirati M, Kuo JS, Ryken TC, Kalkanis SN, Olson JJ (2019) Congress of neurological surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines on the role of surgery in the management of adults with metastatic brain tumors. Neurosurgery 84:E152–E155. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyy542

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Nguyen TK, Sahgal A, Detsky J, Atenafu EG, Myrehaug S, Tseng CL, Husain Z, Heyn C, Maralani P, Ruschin M, Perry J, Soliman H (2019) Predictors of leptomeningeal disease following hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for intact and resected brain metastases. Neuro-oncology. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz144

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Iorio-Morin C, Masson-Cote L, Ezahr Y, Blanchard J, Ebacher A, Mathieu D (2014) Early Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery to the tumor bed of resected brain metastasis for improved local control. J Neurosurg 121(Suppl):69–74. https://doi.org/10.3171/2014.7.Gks141488

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Patel AJ, Suki D, Hatiboglu MA, Rao VY, Fox BD, Sawaya R (2015) Impact of surgical methodology on the complication rate and functional outcome of patients with a single brain metastasis. J Neurosurg 122:1132–1143. https://doi.org/10.3171/2014.9.JNS13939

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Hassaneen W, Suki D, Salaskar AL, Wildrick DM, Lang FF, Fuller GN, Sawaya R (2010) Surgical management of lateral-ventricle metastases: report of 29 cases in a single-institution experience. J Neurosurg 112:1046–1055. https://doi.org/10.3171/2009.7.JNS09571

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Patel AJ, Suki D, Hatiboglu MA, Abouassi H, Shi W, Wildrick DM, Lang FF, Sawaya R (2010) Factors influencing the risk of local recurrence after resection of a single brain metastasis. J Neurosurg 113:181–189. https://doi.org/10.3171/2009.11.JNS09659

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Suki D, Hatiboglu MA, Patel AJ, Weinberg JS, Groves MD, Mahajan A, Sawaya R (2009) Comparative risk of leptomeningeal dissemination of cancer after surgery or stereotactic radiosurgery for a single supratentorial solid tumor metastasis. Neurosurgery 64:664–674. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000341535.53720.3E

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Nanda T, Yaeh A, Wu CC, Jani A, Saad S, Qureshi YH, Cauley KA, Lesser J, Cheng SK, Isaacson SR, Sisti MB, Bruce JN, McKhann GM, Sheth SA, Lassman AB, Wang TJC (2018) Local control and overall survival for adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with residual or recurrent disease. J Neurooncol 136:281–287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-017-2651-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Zoller B, Ji J, Sundquist J, Sundquist K (2012) Risk of haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke in patients with cancer: a nationwide follow-up study from Sweden. Eur J Cancer 48:1875–1883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2012.01.005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Sun B, Huang Z, Wu S, Ding L, Shen G, Cha L, Wang J, Song S (2016) Cystic brain metastasis is associated with poor prognosis in patients with advanced breast cancer. Oncotarget 7:74006–74014. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.12176

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Ahmed KA, Freilich JM, Abuodeh Y, Figura N, Patel N, Sarangkasiri S, Chinnaiyan P, Yu HH, Etame AB, Rao NG (2014) Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy to the post-operative cavity for radioresistant and radiosensitive brain metastases. J Neurooncol 118:179–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-014-1417-2

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Lee DW, Lee KH, Kim JW, Keam B (2016) Molecular targeted therapies for the treatment of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis: current evidence and future directions. Int J Mol Sci. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17071074

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This study received no institutional or external funding.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    Desmond A. Brown, Victor M. Lu, Benjamin T. Himes, Terry C. Burns & Ian F. Parney

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA

    Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa & Kaisorn L. Chaichana

Authors
  1. Desmond A. Brown
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Victor M. Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Benjamin T. Himes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Terry C. Burns
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Kaisorn L. Chaichana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Ian F. Parney
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Desmond A. Brown.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (PDF 146 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Brown, D.A., Lu, V.M., Himes, B.T. et al. Breast brain metastases are associated with increased risk of leptomeningeal disease after stereotactic radiosurgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Metastasis 37, 341–352 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-020-10019-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-020-10019-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation