Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Spanish Validation of the Child Anxiety Life Interference Scale (CALIS-C): Psychometric Properties, Factorial Structure and Factorial Invariance Across Gender

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Child Psychiatry & Human Development Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Child Anxiety Life Interference Scale (CALIS-C) is a measure created to specifically identify life interference and impairment related to children’s anxiety disorders in areas of daily functioning. Despite being a widely used scale, a Spanish version of the CALIS-C is not available. The purpose of this study was to adapt and validate the CALIS-C for Spanish-speaking children. We examined the CALIS-C factorial structure, factorial invariance across gender, and psychometric properties in a community sample of 336 (46.7% girls) Spanish-speaking children aged 8–12 years. Confirmatory factor analysis provided support for the original two-factor model. Excellent internal consistency coefficients were found for the total scale (0.88) and the subscales (0.85 and 0.82). 8-week test–retest reliability was moderate (IC = 0.51). Evidence of convergent and divergent validity was found, and factorial invariance across gender was reached. The current study provides initial support for the use of the CALIS-C with Spanish-speaking children by clinicians and researchers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Costello EJ, Egger HL, Copeland W, Erkanli A, Angold A (2011) The developmental epidemiology of anxiety disorders: phenomenology, prevalence, and comorbidity. In: Silverman WK, Field A (eds) Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 56–75

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Orgilés M, Méndez X, Espada JP, Carballo JL, Piqueras JA (2012) Anxiety disorder symptoms in children and adolescents: differences by age and gender in a community sample. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment 5:115–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpsm.2012.01.005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Langley AK, Falk A, Peris T, Wiley JF, Kendall PC, Ginsburg G, Birmaher B, March J, Albano AM, Piacentini J (2014) The Child Anxiety Impact Scale: Examining parent- and child-reported impairment in child anxiety disorders. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 43:579–591. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2013.817311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Lyneham HJ, Sburlati ES, Abbott MJ, Rapee RM, Hudson JL, Tolin DF, Carlson SE (2013) Psychometric properties of the child anxiety life interference Scale (CALIS). J Anxiety Disord 27:711–719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.09.008

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Rapee RM, Schniering CA, Hudson JL (2009) Anxiety disorders during childhood and adolescence: origins and treatment. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 5:311–341. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153628

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Kessler RC, Avenevoli S, Costello EJ et al (2012) Prevalence, persistence, and sociodemographic correlates of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement. Arch Gen Psychiatry 69:372–380. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.160

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Costello EJ, Mustillo S, Erkanli A, Keeler G, Angold A (2003) Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 60:837–844. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.8.837

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Pine DS, Cohen P, Gurley D, Brook J, Ma Y (1998) The risk for early-adulthood anxiety and depressive disorders in adolescents with anxiety and depressive disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55:56–64. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.1.56

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Roza SJ, Hofstra MB, van der Ende J, Verhulst FC (2003) Stable prediction of mood and anxiety disorders based on behavioral and emotional problems in childhood: a 14-year follow-up during childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. Am J Psychiatry 160:2116–2121. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.12.2116

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Whiteside SP (2009) Adapting the Sheehan disability scale to assess child and parent impairment related to childhood anxiety disorders. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 38:721–730. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374410903103551

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Rapee RM, Bögels SM, van der Sluis CM, Craske MG, Ollendick T (2012) Annual research review: conceptualising functional impairment in children and adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 53:454–468. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02479.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Silverman WK, Albano AM (1996) The Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for Children for DSM-IV: child and parent versions. The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio

    Google Scholar 

  13. Shaffer D, Gould MS, Brasic J, Ambrosini P, Fisher P, Bird H, Aluwahlia S (1983) A children’s global assessment scale (CGAS). Arch Gen Psychiatry 40:1228–1231. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790100074010

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Marques T, Pereira AI, Pedro M, Russo V, Goes AR, Barros L (2015) Preliminary analysis of the Portuguese version of the Child Anxiety Life Interference Scale. Psychology 28:454–462. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7153.201528304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Birmaher B, Brent DA, Chiappetta L, Bridge J, Monga S, Baugher M (1999) Psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): a replication study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38:1230–1236. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199910000-00011

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Vigil-Colet A, Canals J, Cosí S, Lorenzo-Seva U, Ferrando PJ, Hernández-Martínez C et al (2009) The factorial structure of the 41-item version of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) in a Spanish population of 8 to 12 years-old. Int J Clin Health Psychol 9:313–327

    Google Scholar 

  17. Goodman R (1997) The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: a research note. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 38:581–586. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Goodman A, Lamping DL, Ploubidis GB (2010) When to use broader internalizing and externalizing subscales instead of the hypothesized five subscales on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ): data from British parents, teachers and children. J Abnorm Child Psychol 38:1179–1191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-010-9434-x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Ortuño-Sierra J, Fonseca-Pedrero E, Inchausti F, Sastre i Riba S (2016) Assessing behavioural and emotional difficulties in the child-adolescent population: the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Papeles del Psicólogo 37:14–26

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kovacs M (1992) Children depression inventory CDI: manual. Multi-Health Systems, New York

    Google Scholar 

  21. Del Barrio V, Carrasco MA (2004) CDI: Inventario de Depresión Infantil [CDI: Childhood Depression Inventory]. TEA Ediciones, Madrid

    Google Scholar 

  22. Hambleton RK (2005) Issues, designs, and technical guidelines for adapting tests into multiple languages and cultures. In: Hambleton RK, Merenda PF, Spielberger C (eds) Adapting educational and psychological tests for cross-cultural assessment. L.E.A, London, pp 3–38

    Google Scholar 

  23. Rossel Y (2012) Lavaan: an R package for structural equation modeling and more Version 0.5–12 (BETA). Retrieved from http://users.ugent.be/~yrosseel/lavaan/lavaanIntroduction.pdf

  24. Hu L, Bentler PM (1999) Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Model 6:1–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Li CH (2015) Confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data: Comparing robust maximum likelihood and diagonally weighted least squares. Behav Res Methods 48:936–949

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Arendt K, Thastum M, Hougaard E (2016) Efficacy of a Danish version of the Cool Kids program: a randomized wait-list controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand 133:109–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12448

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Di Riso D, Chessa D, Bobbio A, Lis A (2013) Factorial structure of the SCAS and its relationship with the SDQ: a study with Italian children. Eur J Psychol Assess 29:28–35. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Gadermann AM, Guhn M, Zumbo BD (2012) Estimating ordinal reliability for likert-type and ordinal item response data: a conceptual, empirical, and practical guide. Pract Assess Res Eval 17:1–13

    Google Scholar 

  29. Zumbo BD, Gadermann AM, Zeisser C (2007) Ordinal versions of coefficients alpha and theta for likert rating scales. J Mod Appl Stat Methods 6(1):4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Fleiss JL (1986) The design and analysis of clinical experiments. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  31. Bentler PM (2005) EQS 6.1: structural equations program manual. Multivariate Software, Encino

    Google Scholar 

  32. Byrne BM (2008) Testing for multigroup equivalence of a measuring instrument: a walk through the process. Psicothema 20:872–882

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Browne M, Cudeck R (1993) Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In: Bollen KA, Long JS (eds) Testing structural equation models. Sage, Newbury Park, pp 136–162

    Google Scholar 

  34. Angold A, Costello EJ, Erkanli A (1999) Comorbidity. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 40:57–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Willner CJ, Gatzke-Kopp LM, Bray BC (2016) The dynamics of internalizing and externalizing comorbidity across the early school years. Dev Psychopathol 28(4 Pt1):1033–1052. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579416000687

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Yoo JP, Brown PJ, Luthar SS (2009) Children with co-occurring anxiety and externalizing disorders: family risks and implications for competence. Am J Orthopsychiatry 79:532–540. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017848

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. King NJ, Gullone E, Ollendick TH (1992) Manifest anxiety and fearfulness inchildren and adolescents. J Genet Psychol 153:63–73

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This research was funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) of Spain (Grant Number PSI2014-56446-P).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, Elche, 03202, Alicante, Spain

    Mireia Orgilés, Iván Fernández-Martínez, Alexandra Morales, Silvia Melero & José P. Espada

Authors
  1. Mireia Orgilés
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Iván Fernández-Martínez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Alexandra Morales
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Silvia Melero
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. José P. Espada
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Iván Fernández-Martínez.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Research Involving Human and Animals Participants

This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Orgilés, M., Fernández-Martínez, I., Morales, A. et al. Spanish Validation of the Child Anxiety Life Interference Scale (CALIS-C): Psychometric Properties, Factorial Structure and Factorial Invariance Across Gender. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 50, 756–763 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-019-00879-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-019-00879-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation