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A Review of the Clinical Utility of Systematic Behavioral Observations in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

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Abstract

This review evaluates the clinical utility of tools for systematic behavioral observation in different settings for children and adolescents with ADHD. A comprehensive search yielded 135 relevant results since 1990. Observations from naturalistic settings were grouped into observations of classroom behavior (n = 58) and of social interactions (n = 25). Laboratory observations were subdivided into four contexts: independent play (n = 9), test session (n = 27), parent interaction (n = 11), and peer interaction (n = 5). Clinically relevant aspects of reliability and validity of employed instruments are reviewed. The results confirm the usefulness of systematic observations. However, no procedure can be recommended as a stand-alone diagnostic method. Psychometric properties are often unsatisfactory, which reduces the validity of observational methods, particularly for measuring treatment outcome. Further efforts are needed to improve the specificity of observational methods with regard to the discrimination of comorbidities and other disorders.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Grant 320030_149411 from the Swiss National Science Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Franziska Minder, Agnieszka Zuberer, Daniel Brandeis & Renate Drechsler

  2. Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Daniel Brandeis

  3. Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany

    Daniel Brandeis

  4. Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Daniel Brandeis

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  1. Franziska Minder
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Minder, F., Zuberer, A., Brandeis, D. et al. A Review of the Clinical Utility of Systematic Behavioral Observations in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 49, 572–606 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-017-0776-2

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