Abstract
The grafting of cotton fabrics with diallyldimethylammonium chloride was studied. The objective was to improve reactive dye adsorption and antibacterial properties. The cotton fabric was modified with the diallyldimethylammonium chloride at room temperature using the redox initiator system of potassium persulfate as an initiator and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine as an accelerator. It was found that the nitrogen content of the cationized cotton fabrics increased with an increase in the diallyldimethylammonium chloride concentration and stayed constant at a concentration of 40% (v/v). The adsorption of the reactive dyes on the cotton fabrics was investigated. The contact time of the reactive dye adsorption on the modified cotton fabrics reached equilibrium at 30 min. The dye adsorption properties of the modified cottons depended on the concentration of the diallyldimethylammonium chloride, dyes concentration, chemical structure, and molecular weight of the reactive dyes. By grafting the fabrics with the diallyldimethylammonium chloride, the cotton fabric's antibacterial function was also enhanced.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10570-024-05739-6/MediaObjects/10570_2024_5739_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10570-024-05739-6/MediaObjects/10570_2024_5739_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10570-024-05739-6/MediaObjects/10570_2024_5739_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10570-024-05739-6/MediaObjects/10570_2024_5739_Sch1a_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10570-024-05739-6/MediaObjects/10570_2024_5739_Sch1b_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10570-024-05739-6/MediaObjects/10570_2024_5739_Fig4_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10570-024-05739-6/MediaObjects/10570_2024_5739_Fig5_HTML.jpg)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10570-024-05739-6/MediaObjects/10570_2024_5739_Fig6_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10570-024-05739-6/MediaObjects/10570_2024_5739_Sch2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10570-024-05739-6/MediaObjects/10570_2024_5739_Fig7_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10570-024-05739-6/MediaObjects/10570_2024_5739_Fig8_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10570-024-05739-6/MediaObjects/10570_2024_5739_Fig9_HTML.jpg)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10570-024-05739-6/MediaObjects/10570_2024_5739_Fig10_HTML.jpg)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chantawong N, Kusuktham B (2023) Modification of silk fabrics with diallyldimethylammonium chloride. Polym Bull 80:9669–9684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-022-04438-1
Chen X, Ding F, Zhang S, Liu Y, Hou X, Ren X (2023) Flame-retardant, antibacterial and hydrophobic multifunctional coatings on cotton fabrics via layer-by-layer self-assembly. Cellul 30:6679–6694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05287-5
Filipkowska U, Klimiuk E, Grabowski S, Siedlecka E (2002) Adsorption of reactive dyes by modified chitin from aqueous solutions. Pol J Environ Stud 11:315–323
Gigac J, Fmišerová M, Russ A (2023) Effect of precoating on properties of functional coating and electrical conductivity of inkjet-printed electronic. Cellul Chem Technol 57:133–142. https://doi.org/10.35812/CelluloseChemTechnol.2023.57.14
Hidzir NM, Radzali NAM, Rahman IA, Shamsudin SA (2020) Gamma irradiation-induced grafting of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) onto ePTFE for implant applications. Nucl Eng Technol 52:2320–2327
Hu L, Song X, Li M, Xie K, Hou A (2023) Scalable fabrication of benzophenone/ phthalocyanine-decorated photodynamic cotton fabrics for enhanced dye degradation and antibacterial performance. Cellul 30:4683–4696. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05141-8
Huang C, Li Y, Duan L, Wang L, Ren X, Gaoa G (2017) Enhancing the self-recovery and mechanical property of hydrogels by macromolecular microspheres with thermal and redox initiation systems. RSC Adv 7:16015–16021. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra00317j
Jawada AH, Mubaraka NSA, Sabar S (2019) Adsorption and mechanism study for reactive red 120 dye removal by cross-linked chitosan-epichlorohydrin biobeads. Desalin Water Treat 164:378–438. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2019.24438
Kadir MIA, Ahmad MR, Jabbar HA (2023) Dyeability of surface-modified cotton and silk fabrics with PAMAM dendrimer using Sargassum sp. seaweed extract. Trends Sci 20:1–12. https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2023.5807
Kameya H, Ukai M (2013) Analysis of relaxation behavior of free radicals in irradiated cellulose using pulse and continuous-wave electron spin resonance. InTech, http://intechopen.com/chapters/45617
Kumar R, Sharma RK, Singh AP (2018) Grafted cellulose: a bio-based polymer for durable applications. Polym Bull 75:2213–2242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-017-2136-6
Kwon J, Jung H, Jung H, Lee J (2020) Micro/nanostructured coating for cotton textiles that repel oil, water, and chemical warfare agents. Polym 12:1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12081826
Li S, Yu L, Xiong J, Xiong Y, Bi S, Quan H (2022) Facile fabrication of superhydrophobic and flame-retardant coatings on cotton fabrics. Polym 14:1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14235314
Mizerska U, Fortuniak W, Chojnowsk J, Hałasa RT (2009) Polysiloxane cationic biocides with imidasonium salt (ImS) groups, synthesis and antibacterial properties. Eurpean Polym J 45:779–787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.11.045
Neubertová V, Slepičková Kasálková N, Vokatá B, Bačáková L, Švorčík V, Kolská Z (2022) Influence of UV irradiation and subsequent chemical grafting on the surface properties of cellulose. Cellul 29:1405–1418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04426-8
Niu T, Wang X, Wu C, Sun D, Zhang X, Chen Z, Fang L (2020) Chemical modification of cotton fabrics by a bifunctional cationic polymer for salt-free reactive dyeing. ACS Omega 5:15409–15416. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c01530
Odabas N, Amer H, Bacher M, Henniges U, Potthast A, Rosenau T (2016) Properties of cellulosic material after cationization in different solvents. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 4:2295–2301. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b01752
Pereira C, Baumann JS, Humblot V, Falentin-Daudré C (2022) Biological properties of direct grafting by ultraviolet irradiation of vinyl benzyl phosphonic acid onto titanium surfaces. React Funct Polym 173:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105215
Perkins WS (1996) Textile coloration and finishing. Carolina Academic Press, North Carolina
Pruś S, Kulpiński P, Matyjas-Zgondek E, Wojciechowski K (2022) Eco-friendly dyeing of cationised cotton with reactive dyes: mechanism of bonding reactive dyes with CHPTAC cationised cellulose. Cellul 29:4167–4182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04521-w
Rápó E, Tonk S (2021) Factors affecting synthetic dye adsorption; desorption studies: a review of results from the last five years (2017–2021). Polym 26:1–31. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175419
Roy MN, Hossain MT, Hasan MZ, Islam K, Rokonuzzaman M, Islam MA, Khandaker S, Bashar MM (2023) Adsorption, kinetics and thermodynamics of reactive dyes on chitosan treated cotton fabric. Text Leather Rev 6:211–232. https://doi.org/10.31881/TLR.2023.030
Sallehudin ME, Affandi NDN, Bonnia NN (2022) Preparation and characterization of TiO2-polysiloxane coated cotton yarn at different coating methods. Mater Today: Proc 51:1303–1308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.10.345
Sumari SM, Hamzah Z, Kantasamy N (2016) Adsorption of anionic dyes from aqueous solutions by calcined and uncalcined Mg/Al layered double hydroxide. MJAS 20:777–792. https://doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2016-2004-104
Tsimpouki L, Papapetros K, Anastasopoulos C, Sygellou L, Soto-Beobide A, Andrikopoulos KS, Voyiatzis GA, Bokias G, Kallitsis JK (2023) Water-soluble quaternized copolymers as eco-friendly cationic modifers of cotton fabrics for salt-free reactive dyeing applications. Cellul 30:6031–6050. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05220-w
Wang J, Gao Y, Zhu L, Gu X, Dou H, Pei L (2018) Dyeing property and adsorption kinetics of reactive dyes for cotton textiles in salt-free non-aqueous dyeing systems. Polym 10:1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10091030
Wang P, Zhang MY, Qu J, Wang L, Geng JZ, Fu FY, Liu XD (2022) Antibacterial cotton fabric prepared by a “grafting to” strategy using a QAC copolymer. Cellul 29:3569–3581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04469-x
Wu Y, Niu T, Zhai X, Sun D, Zhang X, Fang L (2023) Chemical modification of cotton fabrics with Polyhexamethylene guanidine for salt-free dyeing with reactive dyes. J Nat Fibers 20:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2022.2156963
Yuen JWM, Yung JYK (2013) Medical implications of antimicrobial coating polymers-organosilicon quaternary ammonium chloride. Modern Chem Appl 1:1–3. https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6798.1000107
Zhai X, Ma J, Wu Y, Niu T, Sun D, Fang L, Zhang X (2022) Investigation on dyeing mechanism of modified cotton fiber. RSC Adv 12:31596–31607. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ra05668b
Acknowledgments
Study was funded by Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep
Funding
Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Miss Boonsri Kusuktham wrote all the manuscript and prepared all figures.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Author declare that she has no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
The author has compliance with ethical standards.
Consent to participate
Author agrees to participate in the journal.
Consent for publication
Author agrees to publish article in this journal.
Financial interest
None.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Kusuktham, B. Grafting of cotton fabrics with diallyldimethylammonium chloride. Cellulose 31, 2651–2666 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-024-05739-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-024-05739-6