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Research progress and challenges of composite wound dressings containing plant extracts

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Abstract

Wound, burn and tissue-related diseases have caused serious physical and mental trauma to patients, as well as a huge economic burden to society. To address this challenge, continuous efforts have been made to develop wound dressings to deal with various types of intractable wounds, and thus wound dressings have been undergoing rapidly updating. Various plant extracts have been widely applied to biomedical and tissue engineering due to their excellent biocompatibility, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and low side effects. Based on this, researchers are committed to designing novel wound dressings for the treatment of skin injuries by combining plant extracts with different types of polymer-based biomaterials, including films, hydrocolloids, sponges, foams, hydrogels, and nanofiber dressings. In this review, classification by the types of wound dressing, the composite wound dressings containing various plant extracts have been summarized, mainly focusing on their applications in skin injuries; importantly, the prospects and challenges for the development of composite wound dressings with plant extracts have been discussed.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Copyright 2013. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier B-I CS was blended with capsaicin to prepare the film; B-II The appearance and UV/VIS transmittance of CS-capsaicin blend films with different concentrations of capsaicin; B-III Plate diffusion assay for the QS inhibition and inhibition zone (mm) (grey bars) of disc diffusion test and quantitative determination of violacein inhibition (%) (black squares) by CS-capsaicin blend films (Akyuz et al. 2018). Copyright 2018. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier. C-I Film dressing of M. oleifera leaf (MOL) extract doped SA-PC; C-II Expansion ratio of MOL aqueous extract-loaded film formulations (mean ± SD, n = 3). The asterisks (*) represent significant difference (*P < 0.05) to SA-PC. C-III and C-IV Wound healing assay using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) treated with MOL aqueous extract, respectively (Chin et al. 2018) Copyright 2017. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier

Fig. 4

Copyright 2015. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier. B-I Hydrocolloid film based on PC, starch and Gunnera tinctoria and Ugni molinae plant extracts; B-II SEM images of fractured surfaces of hydrocolloid films: (a) PS-0 (without extract); (b) PS-MN(with G. tinctoria and U. molinae extracts (1:1)); (c) PS-M (with U. molinae extract) and (d) PS-N (with G. tinctoria extract); B-III Macroscopic photographs of the wounds treated with PS-0 (a) and PS-MN (b) hydrocolloid films, and corresponding histological images (c–f) stained in hematoxylin and eosin of transverse sections of the wound at the fourth day (Sabando et al. 2020). Copyright 2020. Reproduced with permission from Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. (bar: 50 µm)

Fig. 5

Copyright 2015. Reproduced with permission from SAGE Publications. B-I Graphical abstract of PU foam dressing; B-II The SEM photographs of the obtained foams with 6% of SA; B-III Wound appearance at day 0, 4, 7, 14 and 21 after treatment of commercial dressings (comparative I and II) compared to foam with 6% SA impregnated with silver and asiaticoside (A6-1Ag-AS) (Namuiriyachote et al. 2019)

Fig. 6

Reproduced with permission from Elsevier. B-I Photographic (a) and SEM (b) image of dressings CS, CSM and CSPE; B-II Antimicrobial properties of CS, CSM and CSPE composites against various bacterial strains (P < 0.05) (Muthukumar et al. 2014a); Copyright 2013. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier. B-III Photographs of wound-healing patterns on 12th days; B-IV Differential expression of MMP 2 and MMP 9 in granulation tissue (Muthukumar et al. 2014b). Copyright 2013. Reproduced with permission from RSC Publishing. C-I Appearance photograph and SEM micrographs of CS-alginate sponge (C2A2). (left: pure sponge; right: sponge with curcumin); C-II Total wound area of skin over time as a percentage of original wound size; C-III Masson’s Trichrome staining for collagen: twelve-day post wounding (40 ×) (Dai et al. 2009). D-I The preparation process of BSP sponges; D-II The fast water absorption by BSP sponge-4; D-III Photographs of wounds after commercial dressings (Gelatin sponge) and BSP sponge-4 treatment; D-IV Representative images of BSP sponge-4 and gelatin sponge-treated samples stained with Masson’s trichrome (Zhang et al. 2019). (bar: 20 μm)

Fig. 7

Copyright 2021. Reproduced with permission from American Chemical Society. B-I The preparation of multi-functions OPC B2/PBCD gels; B-II Swelling rate of PBCD gels; B-III Adhesion, injectability and autonomous healing properties of the hydrogels; B-IV Antioxidant test of PBCD gel. (bar: 100 µm); B-V Photographs of the wounds with different treatments on days 10 (Zhou et al. 2021). Copyright 2021. Reproduced with permission from John Wiley and Sons. C-I The injectability and self-healing ability of the TA-HA-PBA dynamic hydrogel; C-II The pH and ROS responsive drug release properties of HA-PBA-TA hydrogel; C-III Disc diffusion assay against MRSA and P. aeruginosa; C-IV Representative confocal images of ROS (DCFHA) staining (Shi et al. 2021). Copyright 2021. Reproduced with permission from John Wiley and Sons. (bar: 50 mm)

Fig. 8

Copyright 2020. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier. B-I Nanofiber morphology of the plain and the C. majus-loaded nanofibrous meshes; B-II The mechanical behavior of the produced PCL/PVA_PEC nanofibrous meshes with and without C. majus; B-III Evaluation of the NHDF cell direct contact with the produced nanofibrous meshes (“n.s.” indicates not significant (P > 0.05)) (Naeimi et al. 2020)

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Abbreviations

PE:

Polyethylene

PVC:

Polyvinyl chloride

PTFE:

Polytetrafluoroethylene

AV:

Aloe vera

SA:

Sodium alginate

CS:

Chitosan

AgNPs:

Silver nanoparticles

QS:

Quorum sensing

PLA:

Polylactic acid

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

EtPUAE:

Ethanolic ultrasound assisted extracts

MMPs:

Matrix metalloproteinase

CGP:

Cashew gum polysaccharide

PVA:

Polyvinyl alcohol

T. vulgaris :

Thymus vulgaris

SSI:

Supercritical solvent impregnation

O. vulgare :

Origanum vulgare

ESM:

Eggshell membrane

SEP:

Soluble eggshell membrane

M.oleifera :

Moringa oleifera

PEC:

Pectin

NaCMC:

Sodium carboxymethylcellulose

AC:

Antrodia camphorate

GE/SFP:

Gastrodia elata/silk fibroin protein

TTO/SFP:

Tea tree oil/silk fibroin protein

PU:

Polyurethane

AS:

Asiaticoside

AR:

Astragali Radix

CS:

Collagen sponges

CSM:

Collagen sponges containing mupirocin

CSPE:

Collagen sponges containing mupirocin and extracts of Macrotyloma uniflorum

PRP-Exos:

Platelet-rich plasma exosomes

BS:

Bletilla striata

BSP:

Bletilla striata Polysaccharide

GBS-Ag:

Salvia miltiorrhiza And AgNPs

HA:

Hyaluronic acid

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PEO:

Polyethylene oxide

HG:

Gelatin hydrogels

HEC:

Hydroxyethylcellulose

PVP:

Polyvinylpyrrolidone

HPMC:

Hypromellose

PA:

Protocatechuic aldehyde

NIR:

Near infrared responsiveness

QCS:

Quaternized chitosan

OPCs:

Oligomeric proanthocyanidins

γ-PGA:

Poly-γ-glutamic acid

PUE:

Puerarin

FA:

Ferulic acid

TA:

Tannins

Sl:

Saussurea lappa

SI-AgNPs:

Saussurea lappa, Aqueous root extract modified AgNPs

PGPC:

Punica granatum peel crude extract

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

C. majus :

Chelidonium majus L.

PCL:

Polycaprolactone

CC:

Coptis chinensis

F.vulgaris-AgNPs:

Falcaria vulgaris extract modified AgNPs

SLE:

Soursop leaves extract

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Funding

This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82103893, 82073606), the Key R&D and Promotion Projects in Henan Province (212102310181, 212102310337), Zhongyuan Thousand Talents Project (204200510013) and the Discipline Innovation and Wisdom Introduction Plan of Higher Education in Henan Province (CXJD2021002).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China

    Linlin Ding, Yifu Wang, Xueying Zhao, Hui Ma, Yuanhao Luo, Fangxia Guan & Yamin Xiong

  2. College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China

    Leiliang He

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  1. Linlin Ding
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  7. Fangxia Guan
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Contributions

Writing-original draft, Conceptualization, Resources, LD; Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing-review & editing, LH; Resources, Writing-original draft, YW and XZ; Resources, HM and YL; Supervision; Funding acquisition, Writing-review & editing, FG; Conceptualization, Writing-review & editing, Funding acquisition, Project administration, YX.

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Correspondence to Fangxia Guan or Yamin Xiong.

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Ding, L., He, L., Wang, Y. et al. Research progress and challenges of composite wound dressings containing plant extracts. Cellulose 30, 11297–11322 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05602-0

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