Abstract
Bacterial infections are the major inhibitory factors for natural wound healing. 3D bioprinted nanocellulose-based composite scaffold with a desirable porous and shape specificity is highly effective for antibacterial applications. However, the slow self-healing and lack of antibacterial activities of cellulose cause bacterial infection. In this work, Epsilon-poly-L-lysine (EPL) bioconjugated cellulose nanofibrils (TCNFs) were subjected to bioprinting with a customizable 3D scaffold with biocompatible and antibacterial activities. Results show that the 3D composite scaffold possesses a mesoporous structure (2–50 nm) and high specific surface area (232.25 m2/g) that ensure a high adsorption capacity of red blood cells in wound healing. The in vitro cytocompatibility of the scaffold is confirmed by the growth and proliferation of NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells in a 3D cell culture study. In addition, the 3D composite scaffold shows antimicrobial activity against wound-infecting pathogens, namely Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. In summary, this work integrates the uniqueness of 3D bioprinting and the inherent characteristics of TCNF/EPL-based composite into a flexible 3D scaffold to achieve antibacterial performance and cytocompatibility for biomedical applications.
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Funding
This work was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFE0107100, 2021YFA0910400), Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund (CX(22)3190), the Start-up Fund for Introduced Scholar of Jiangsu University (4111370004), and the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China, Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX22_3687).
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SSB, YS, LC, HJ, XL, and SS performed material preparation, characterization and data collection and analysis. SSB and JL wrote the first draft of the manuscript. JL, JS, QW, and RVA designed the experiment plan and revised the main manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
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Biranje, S.S., Shi, Y., Sun, J. et al. Cellulose nanofibril/polylysine-based 3D composite antibacterial scaffold for wound healing applications. Cellulose 30, 5289–5306 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05210-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05210-y