Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) production can be performed using a static or dynamic culture method. In the static culture method, the BC is obtained presents three-dimensional thinner network structures and excellent mechanical properties. In the dynamic culture method, BC is produced in the form of granules or fibrous threads with a lower degree of polymerization, mechanical strength, and crystallinity than those formed in static fermentation. Compared with BC membranes, sphere-like BC (SBC) cultured under dynamic conditions showed advantages for adsorption due to its larger surface area. The objectives of this work were to obtain SBC, by the bacterial strain Komagataeibacter hansenii ATCC 23769, in dynamic culture, using media containing different carbon sources carbon sources, such as fructose (FRU), glucose and sucrose (MS1), sucrose (Y) and glucose (Z and HS), aiming to produce supports for sustained release of rifampicin (RIF). SBC has been produced under agitation at 130 rpm and 25 °C. SBC obtained were processed to remove bacteria and residues from the culture media and lyophilized. The SBC characterizations were performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The SBC produced were impregnated with antibiotic RIF and tested for the sustained release capacity of this drug by diffusion method and Frans cell kinetics. SBC that the best results for all tests were produced in FRU, Z and MS1 media, respectively. The results demonstrate the potential of the SBC to contribute to the design of new drug delivery systems with biomedical applications.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abeer MM, Amin MCI, Martin C (2014) A review of bacterial cellulose-based drug delivery systems: their biochemistry, current approaches and future prospects. J Pharm Pharmacol. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12234
Agrawal S, Ashokraj Y, Bharatam PV et al (2004) Solid-state characterization of rifampicin samples and its biopharmaceutic relevance. Eur J Pharm Sci 22:127–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2004.02.011
Alifano P, Palumbo C, Pasanisi D, Talà A (2014) Rifampicin-resistance, rpoB polymorphism and RNA polymerase genetic engineering. J Biotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.11.024
Badshah M, Ullah H, Rahman A et al (2018) Surface modification and evaluation of bacterial cellulose for drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 113:526–533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.135
Cacicedo ML, Castro MC, Servetas I et al (2016) Progress in bacterial cellulose matrices for biotechnological applications. Bioresour Technol 213:172–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.071
Carvalho SG, Cipriano DF, Carlos J et al (2020) Physicochemical characterization and in vitro biological evaluation of solid compounds from furazolidone-based cyclodextrins for use as leishmanicidal agents. Drug Deliv Transl Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-020-00841-1
Carvalho SG, Silvestre ALP, dos Santos AM et al (2021) Polymeric-based drug delivery systems for veterinary use: state of the art. Int J Pharm. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120756
CLSI (2019) Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Clin Lab Stand Inst 29
Costa AFS, Almeida FCG, Vinhas GM, Sarubbo LA (2017) Production of bacterial cellulose by Gluconacetobacter hansenii using corn steep liquor as nutrient sources. Front Microbiol 8:1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02027
Czaja W, Romanovicz D, Brown R, malcolm, (2004) Structural investigations of microbial cellulose produced in stationary and agitated culture. Cellulose 11:403–411. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:cell.0000046412.11983.61
de Oliveira Barud HG, da Silva RR, da Silva BH et al (2016) A multipurpose natural and renewable polymer in medical applications: bacterial cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 153:406–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.059
Diaz-Ramirez J, Urbina L, Eceiza A et al (2021) Superabsorbent bacterial cellulose spheres biosynthesized from winery by-products as natural carriers for fertilizers. Int J Biol Macromol 191:1212–1220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.203
Eichhorn SJ, Dufresne A, Aranguren M et al (2010) Review: current international research into cellulose nanofibres and nanocomposites. J Mater Sci 45:1–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3874-0
El-saied H, Basta AH, Gobran RH (2007) Research progress in friendly environmental technology for the production of cellulose products (bacterial cellulose and its application ). Polym Plast Technol Eng. https://doi.org/10.1081/PPT-120038065
Fernandes IdeAA, Pedro AC, Ribeiro VR et al (2020) Bacterial cellulose: from production optimization to new applications. Int J Biol Macromol 164:2598–2611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.255
Fontes MLDe, Meneguin AB, Tercjak A et al (2017) Effect of in situ modification of bacterial cellulose with carboxymethylcellulose on its nano/microstructure and methotrexate release properties. Carbohydr Polym. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.061
Fredenberg S, Wahlgren M, Reslow M, Axelsson A (2011) The mechanisms of drug release in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based drug delivery systems—a review. Int J Pharm 415:34–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.05.049
Hestrin S, Schramm M (1954) Synthesis of cellulose by Acetobacter xylinum. II. Preparation of freeze-dried cells capable of polymerizing glucose to cellulose. Biochem J 58:345–352. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0580345
Hoshi T, Yamazaki K, Sato Y et al (2018) Production of hollow-type spherical bacterial cellulose as a controlled release device by newly designed floating cultivation. Heliyon 4:e00873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00873
Iguchi M, Yamanaka S, Budhiono A (2000) Bacterial cellulose—a masterpiece of nature’s arts. J Mater Sci 35:261–270. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004775229149
Islam MU, Ullah MW, Khan S et al (2017) Strategies for cost-effective and enhanced production of bacterial cellulose. Int J Biol Macromol 102:1166–1173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.110
Juncu G, Stoica-Guzun A, Stroescu M et al (2016) Drug release kinetics from carboxymethylcellulose-bacterial cellulose composite films. Int J Pharm 510:485–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.053
Jung HIl, Lee OM, Jeong JH et al (2010) Production and characterization of cellulose by Acetobacter sp. V6 using a cost-effective molasses-corn steep liquor medium. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 162:486–497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-009-8759-9
Kamaly N, Yameen B, Wu J, Farokhzad OC (2015) Degradable controlled-release polymers and polymeric nanoparticles: mechanisms of controlling drug release. Chem Rev. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00346
Kumar V, Sharma DK, Bansal V et al (2019) Efficient and economic process for the production of bacterial cellulose from isolated strain of Acetobacter pasteurianus of RSV-4 bacterium. Bioresour Technol 275:430–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.042
Lazarini SC, de Aquino R, Amaral AC et al (2016) Characterization of bilayer bacterial cellulose membranes with different fiber densities: a promising system for controlled release of the antibiotic ceftriaxone. Cellulose 23:737–748. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-015-0843-4
Lazarini SC, Yamada C, Barud HS et al (2018) Influence of chemical and physical conditions in selection of Gluconacetobacter hansenii ATCC 23769 strains with high capacity to produce bacterial cellulose for application as sustained antimicrobial drug-release supports. J Appl Microbiol 125:777–791. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13916
Lee CY, Huang CH, Lu PL et al (2017) Role of rifampin for the treatment of bacterial infections other than mycobacteriosis. J Infect 75:395–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2017.08.013
Lin WC, Lien CC, Yeh HJ et al (2013) Bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose-chitosan membranes for wound dressing applications. Carbohydr Polym 94:603–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.076
Lustri WR, Barud HGdeO, Barud HdaS et al (2015) Microbial cellulose—biosynthesis mechanisms and medical applications. Cell Fundam Asp Curr Trends. https://doi.org/10.5772/61797
Machado RTA, Meneguin AB, Sábio RM et al (2018) Komagataeibacter rhaeticus grown in sugarcane molasses-supplemented culture medium as a strategy for enhancing bacterial cellulose production. Ind Crops Prod 122:637–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.06.048
Meng C, Hu J, Gourlay K et al (2019a) Controllable synthesis uniform spherical bacterial cellulose and their potential applications. Cellulose 26:8325–8336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02446-5
Meng C, Zhong N, Hu J et al (2019b) The effects of metal elements on ramie fiber oxidation degumming and the potential of using spherical bacterial cellulose for metal removal. J Clean Prod 206:498–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.072
Mohammadkazemi F, Azin M, Ashori A (2015) Production of bacterial cellulose using different carbon sources and culture media. Carbohydr Polym 117:518–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.10.008
Mohd Amin MCI, Ahmad N, Pandey M, Jue Xin C (2014) Stimuli-responsive bacterial cellulose-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) hydrogels for oral controlled release drug delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 40:1340–1349. https://doi.org/10.3109/03639045.2013.819882
Negut I, Grumezescu V, Grumezescu AM (2018) Treatment strategies for infected wounds. Molecules. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092392
Politano AD, Campbell KT, Rosenberger LH, Sawyer RG (2013) Use of silver in the prevention and treatment of infections: silver review. Surg Infect 14:8–20. https://doi.org/10.1089/sur.2011.097
Saad EA, Kiwan HA, Hassanien MM, Al-adl HE (2020) Synthesis, characterization, and antitumor activity of a new iron-rifampicin complex: a novel prospective antitumor drug. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 57:101671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101671
Schianti JN, Cerize NNP, de Oliveira AM et al (2013) Rifampicin nanoprecipitation using flow focusing microfluidic device. J Nanomed Nanotechnol. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7439.1000172
Shah N, Ul-Islam M, Khattak WA, Park JK (2013) Overview of bacterial cellulose composites: a multipurpose advanced material. Carbohydr Polym 98:1585–1598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.018
Simon A, Amaro MI, Healy AM et al (2016) Comparative evaluation of rivastigmine permeation from a transdermal system in the Franz cell using synthetic membranes and pig ear skin with in vivo-in vitro correlation. Int J Pharm 512:234–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.08.052
Sperotto G, Stasiak LG, Godoi JPMG et al (2021) A review of culture media for bacterial cellulose production: complex, chemically defined and minimal media modulations. Cellulose 5:2649–2673. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-03754-5
Sutradhar I, Zaman MH (2021) Evaluation of the effect of temperature on the stability and antimicrobial activity of rifampicin quinone. J Pharm Biomed Anal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2021.113941
Tanskul S, Amornthatree K, Jaturonlak N (2013) A new cellulose-producing bacterium, Rhodococcus sp. MI 2: screening and optimization of culture conditions. Carbohydr Polym 92:421–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.017
Treesuppharat W, Rojanapanthu P, Siangsanoh C et al (2017) Synthesis and characterization of bacterial cellulose and gelatin-based hydrogel composites for drug-delivery systems. Biotechnol Rep. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2017.07.002
Ul-Islam M, Khan T, Park JK (2012a) Water holding and release properties of bacterial cellulose obtained by in situ and ex situ modification. Carbohydr Polym 88:596–603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.01.006
Ul-Islam M, Khan T, Park JK (2012b) Nanoreinforced bacterial cellulose-montmorillonite composites for biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 89:1189–1197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.093
Ullah H, Wahid F, Santos HA, Khan T (2016) Advances in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications of functional bacterial cellulose-based nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 150:330–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.029
Urbina L, Eceiza A, Gabilondo N et al (2020) Tailoring the in situ conformation of bacterial cellulose-graphene oxide spherical nanocarriers. Int J Biol Macromol 163:1249–1260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.077
Vazquez A, Foresti ML, Cerrutti P, Galvagno M (2013) Bacterial cellulose from simple and low cost production media by Gluconacetobacter xylinus. J Polym Environ 21:545–554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-012-0541-3
Wahid F, Bai H, Xie FWY (2019) Facile synthesis of bacterial cellulose and polyethyleneimine based hybrid hydrogels for antibacterial applications. Cellulose. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02806-1
Wang SS, Han YH, Chen JL et al (2018) Insights into bacterial cellulose biosynthesis from different carbon sources and the associated biochemical transformation pathways in Komagataeibacter sp. W1. Polymers (basel). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10090963
Wang J, Tavakoli J, Tang Y (2019) Bacterial cellulose production, properties and applications with different culture methods—a review. Carbohydr Polym 219:63–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.008
Yamada Y (2014) Transfer of Gluconacetobacter kakiaceti, Gluconacetobacter medellinensis and Gluconacetobacter maltaceti to the genus komagataeibacter as komagataeibacter kakiaceti comb. nov., komagataeibacter medellinensis comb. nov. and komagataeibacter maltaceti comb. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 64:1670–1672. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.054494-0
Yamanaka S, Watanabe K, Kitamura N et al (1989) The structure and mechanical properties of sheets prepared from bacterial cellulose. J Mater Sci 24:3141–3145. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01139032
Zhou LL, Sun DP, Hu LY et al (2007) Effect of addition of sodium alginate on bacterial cellulose production by Acetobacter xylinum. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 34:483–489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10295-007-0218-4
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by grants from the Brazilian Agencies FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation, Grants# 2015 / 09833-0, 2018 / 12590-0, 2021/07458-9) and CNPq (National Council of Scientific and Technological Development, PQ Grant # 300968/2016-7). Also, this study was financed in part by the FUNADESP (National Foundation for Development of Private Superior Education - Grant # 2700375). Also, this study was financed in part by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel - Brazil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. We are grateful to the High-Resolution Scanning Microscope Laboratory of the Chemistry Institute of the State University of Araraquara - IQ-UNESP-Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
Funding
This study was supported by grants from the Brazilian Agencies FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation, Grants# 2015/09833-0, 2018/12590-0, 2021/07458-9).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
All ethical rules were obeyed; no human or animal experiments were performed.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lazarini, S.C., Yamada, C., da Nóbrega, T.R. et al. Production of sphere-like bacterial cellulose in cultivation media with different carbon sources: a promising sustained release system of rifampicin. Cellulose 29, 6077–6092 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04644-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04644-0