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Solid state NMR investigation of the roman Acqualadroni rostrum: tenth year assessment of the consolidation treatment of the wooden part

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Abstract

This work follows a previous one dealing with the state of conservation study of the wooden part of the roman Acqualadroni rostrum soon after its finding in the seabed of Acqualadroni (Messina, Italy). The archaeological survey and recovery were particularly relevant since this artefact is one of the two rostrums, nowadays known, found together with its wooden part. Following the recovery, it was consolidated by immersion in a melamine-formaldehyde resin (Kauramin) aqueous solution for eight months at the “Centro di Restauro del Legno Bagnato” (Pisa, Italy). The present investigation is aimed to determine at microscopic scale the wood state of conservation and to highlight interactions of the consolidant with wood components, by using solid-state NMR spectroscopy ten years after the consolidation treatment. Sampling by coring was exceptionally authorized, and the wood core was divided into seven aliquots as a function of depth. 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning (13C{1H} CP-MAS NMR) spectra and variable contact time (VCT) experiments have been carried out to determine the cellulose crystallinity index, the lignin condensation degree and the holocellulose-lignin ratio. The interactions between the resin and the wood components were highlighted by T1ρH relaxation times determination and two-dimensional 13C–1H correlation (FSLG CP HETCOR) NMR experiments. Findings revealed specific interactions between the aromatic part of the resin and the lignin, as well as a network of hydrogen bonds involving all components of the system.

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Acknowledgments

This work is dedicated to the memory of prof. Sebastiano Tusa who died in the tragic plane crash of the Ethiopian Airlines in Bishoftu (Ethiopia).

Funding

This work is part of the project PON03PE_00214_2 (PON R&C 2007–2013) “Development and Application of Innovative Materials and processes for the diagnosis and restoration of Cultural Heritage—DELIAS” granted by MIUR—DD. n. 3266 del 5/12/2016. The funding source had no involvement for preparation of the article, in the study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data and in the decision to submit the article for publication.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Technologies Network Center (ATeN Center), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via F. Marini, 14, 90128, Palermo, Italy

    Alberto Spinella

  2. Dipartimento STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze ed. 17, 90128, Palermo, Italy

    Delia Francesca Chillura Martino, Maria Luisa Saladino, Federica Sammartino & Eugenio Caponetti

  3. Abteilung Kunsttechnologie, Schweizerisches Institut für Kunstwissenschaft (SIK-ISEA), Zollikerstrasse 32, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland

    Francesco Caruso

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  1. Alberto Spinella
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  5. Francesco Caruso
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  6. Eugenio Caponetti
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Correspondence to Alberto Spinella.

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Spinella, A., Chillura Martino, D.F., Saladino, M.L. et al. Solid state NMR investigation of the roman Acqualadroni rostrum: tenth year assessment of the consolidation treatment of the wooden part. Cellulose 28, 1025–1038 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03563-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03563-2

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