Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Multiple Performances of Metal Contamination for Nickel, Vanadium and Iron on FCC Catalysts

  • Published:
Catalysis Letters Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The fundamental understanding of metal contamination, including nickel, vanadium and iron, is a key step in developing capability of metals tolerance and the recycling or resource utilization for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts. However, few studies have investigated the multiple performances of composite metal contamination at the level of real industrial equilibrium catalysts (E-Cat). This work investigates the single- and multiple metal contaminations at the level of E-Cat for nickel of 6970 μg/g, vanadium of 4940 μg/g and iron of 9228 μg/g, respectively. The results indicate that the deposited Ni has least destructive effect to catalyst structure and activity, the deposited V contributes the most amount of weak or strong acids and the highest deactivation effect to the E-Cat, causing high coke yield but low liquid recovery. While the deposited Fe reduces most of the acidic sites due to surface iron nodules resulting in lower conversion and higher bottoms yield. Multiple metal deposition leads to the strong reduction for the specific surface area, pore volume and the acid amount, resulting in more serious performance than that of E-Cat. These results bridge the gap of multiple performances of composite metal contamination, providing fundamental insights for the interaction and tolerance of composite metal contamination on FCC catalysts.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig.5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Corma A, Sauvanaud L, Mathieu Y et al (2018) Direct crude oil cracking for producing chemicals: thermal cracking modeling. Fuel 211:726–736

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Chen C, Zhou L, Ji X et al (2020) Adaptive modeling strategy integrating feature selection and random forest for fluid catalytic cracking processes. Ind Eng Chem Res 59(24):11265–11274

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Zhu X, Yu M, Cheng M et al (2019) Conceptual fluid catalytic cracking process with the additional regenerated catalyst circulation path for gasoline reprocessing and upgrading with minimum loss. Energy Fuels 34(1):235–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Naik DV, Karthik V, Kumar V et al (2017) Kinetic modeling for catalytic cracking of pyrolysis oils with VGO in a FCC unit. Chem Eng Sci 170:790–798

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Usman A, Siddiqui MAB, Hussain A et al (2017) Catalytic cracking of crude oil to light olefins and naphtha: experimental and kinetic modeling. Chem Eng Res Des 120:121–137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Sheng Q, Wang G, Liu Y et al (2018) Pilot-scale evaluation of hydrotreating inferior coker gas oil prior to its fluid catalytic cracking. Fuel 226:27–34

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Maximov A, Tsivadze A, Fridman A et al (2020) The prospects for processing reservoir oil sludge into hydrocarbons by low-temperature hydrogenation in sorbing electrochemical matrices in comparison with conventional high-temperature hydrocracking. Energies 13(20):1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Bai P, Etim UJ, Yan Z et al (2018) Fluid catalytic cracking technology: current status and recent discoveries on catalyst contamination. Catal Rev 61(3):333–405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Zhang R, Zhang Y, Liu T et al (2022) Immobilization of vanadium and nickel in spent fluid catalytic cracking (SFCC) catalysts-based geopolymer. J Clean Prod 332:130112

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Mancini G, Palmeri F, Benina G et al (2022) FCC spent catalyst as an alternative reagent in Mo-contaminated hazardous waste enhanced stabilization. Sustain Chem Pharm 28:100733

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Maryutina TA, Katasonova ON, Savonina EY et al (2017) Present-day methods for the determination of trace elements in oil and its fractions. J Anal Chem 72(5):490–509

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Ma Y, Liao Y, Su Y et al (2021) A novel method to investigate the activity tests of fresh FCC catalysts: an experimental and prediction process from lab scale to commercial scale. Processes 9(2):209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Oloruntoba A, Zhang Y, Hsu CS (2022) State-of-the-art review of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst regeneration intensification technologies. Energies 15(6):1–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Gambino M, Vesely M, Filez M, Oord R, Ferreira Sanchez D, Grolimund D et al (2020) Nickel poisoning of a cracking catalyst unravelled by single-particle X-ray fluorescence-diffraction-absorption tomography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 59(10):3922–3927

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Senter C, Mastry MC, Zhang CC et al (2021) Role of chlorides in reactivation of contaminant nickel on fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts. Appl Catal A 611:117978

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Etim UJ, Xu B, Bai P et al (2016) Role of nickel on vanadium poisoned FCC catalyst: a study of physiochemical properties. J Energy Chem 25(4):667–676

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Liu Z, Zhang Z, Liu P et al (2015) Iron Contamination mechanism and reaction performance research on FCC catalyst. J Nanotechnol 2015: 1–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Souza NLA, Paniago R, Ardisson JD et al (2019) Iron contamination of FCC catalysts: quantification of different crystalline phases and valence states. Appl Catal A 569:57–65

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Zhou Q, Qi Y, Liu Q et al (2020) A detailed speciation of iron on FCC catalysts based on an integrated use of advanced characterisation methods and thermodynamic equilibrium simulation. Appl Catal A 599:117597

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Liao Y, Liu T, Du X et al (2021) Distribution of iron on FCC catalyst and Its effect on catalyst performance. Front Chem 9:640413

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Kharas K, Mastry MC, Thompson A et al (2022) Iron Tolerance in FCC Catalysts from in situ synthesis: a combined Mössbauer spectroscopy and catalytic testing investigation. Appl Catal A Gener 644:118743

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Etim UJ, Bai P, Liu X et al (2019) Vanadium and nickel deposition on FCC catalyst: influence of residual catalyst acidity on catalytic products. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 273:276–285

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Souza NLA, Tkach I, Morgado E et al (2018) Vanadium poisoning of FCC catalysts: a quantitative analysis of impregnated and real equilibrium catalysts. Appl Catal A 560:206–214

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Wang T, Ren J, Ravindra AV et al (2022) Kinetics of Ni, V and Fe leaching from a spent catalyst in microwave-assisted acid activation process. Molecules 27(7):1–16

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Liao Y, Liu T, Zhao H et al (2021) A comparison of laboratory simulation methods of iron contamination for FCC catalysts. Catalysts 11(1):104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Almas Q, Naeem MA, Baldanza MAS et al (2019) Transformations of FCC catalysts and carbonaceous deposits during repeated reaction-regeneration cycles. Catal Sci Technol 9(24):6977–6992

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Tangstad E, Myrstad T, Spjelkavik AI et al (2006) Vanadium species and their effect on the catalytic behavior of an FCC catalyst. Appl Catal A 299:243–249

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Lahnafi A, Elgamouz A, Tijani N et al (2020) Hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite A and Y membrane layers on clay flat disc support and their potential use in the decontamination of water polluted with toxic heavy metals. Desalin Water Treat 182:175–186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Meirer F, Morris DT, Kalirai S et al (2015) Mapping metals incorporation of a whole single catalyst particle using element specific X-ray nanotomography. J Am Chem Soc 137(1):102–105

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Ihli J, Ferreira Sanchez D, Jacob RR et al (2017) Localization and speciation of iron impurities within a fluid catalytic cracking catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 56(45):14031–14035

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Cristiano-Torres DV, Osorio-Pérez Y, Palomeque-Forero LA et al (2008) The action of vanadium over Y zeolite in oxidant and dry atmosphere. Appl Catal A 346(1):104–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the Key R&D program of Gansu Province (No.20YF8GD139). The experimental method and operation were supported by the Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center.

Funding

Key R& D program of Gansu Province, 20YF8GD139

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, People’s Republic of China

    Yong Yang, Xueli Ma, Zixuan Zu, Hongwei Li & Dong Ji

  2. Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, China

    Yong Yang, Hongwei Li & Dong Ji

  3. Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center, PetroChina Petrochemical Research Institute, No.1 Heshuibei Road, Xigu Dist, Lanzhou, 730060, China

    Chaowei Liu & Yi Su

Authors
  1. Yong Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chaowei Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xueli Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Zixuan Zu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yi Su
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hongwei Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Dong Ji
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yong Yang or Dong Ji.

Ethics declarations

Competing Interest

The authors report no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yang, Y., Liu, C., Ma, X. et al. Multiple Performances of Metal Contamination for Nickel, Vanadium and Iron on FCC Catalysts. Catal Lett 154, 1061–1071 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-023-04371-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-023-04371-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation