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Protease—A Versatile and Ecofriendly Biocatalyst with Multi-Industrial Applications: An Updated Review

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Abstract

Proteases are important industrial biocatalysts that constitute the largest group of enzymes acting as proteinases, peptidases, and amidases with a broad range of industrial applications. In this review, particular attention has been given to comprehensively scrutinize the proteases. After the succinct introduction, classification of proteases as exopeptidases (amino and carboxy proteases) and endopeptidases (serine, aspartic, cysteine, and metalloproteases), sources of alkaline, acidic and neutral protease like animal, plant and microbial sources along with the multi-industrial applications have been dissertated. Now a day’s, mostly proteases, which are present in the market, are produced from microbial sources because of the fast production rate and the limited requirement of cultivation. In addition to this, a critique on the applications of proteases in food, detergent, leather, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, silk degumming, silver recovery, chemical industry, and wastewater treatment industries is also concisely addressed. Finally, protein engineering and immobilization strategies to improve the catalytic properties of protease are thoroughly vetted. The quest for novel sources of protease enzyme has been encouraged to fulfill their ever-increasing demands for industrial exploitation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

    Muhammad Naveed

  2. Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Punjab, 50700, Pakistan

    Fareeha Nadeem & Zahid Anwar

  3. Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-UVAS, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan

    Tahir Mehmood

  4. School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China

    Muhammad Bilal

  5. Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 15320, Pakistan

    Fazeeha Amjad

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Naveed, M., Nadeem, F., Mehmood, T. et al. Protease—A Versatile and Ecofriendly Biocatalyst with Multi-Industrial Applications: An Updated Review. Catal Lett 151, 307–323 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-020-03316-7

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