Abstract
Only a single donor’s tissue may save or improve lives of one hundred patients. Unfortunately, low governmental and media support of tissue procurement and transplantation programs is a worldwide problem. Loss of an effective tissue procurement program in many countries like Iran, may lead to loss of many thousands valuable tissues each year. To evaluate the rate of skin donation in Mashhad in comparison to other organs and tissues, we extracted the data related to tissue and organ procurement in Mashhad from 2001. Then we evaluated the annual skin allograft needs in the Burn Department of Imam Reza Hospital as the only referral burn center in the northeast of Iran. Brain dead potential donation rate per million populations of Mashhad in the years 2007–2014 was about 33. The mean refusal rate was 51%. Of patients who have consent for donation, more than 86% have consent for skin donation. Skin allograft procured from 119 (35.5%) candidates. Average of skin retrieval per cadaveric was 1525 cm2 with a gradual increase from 1400 cm2 in the first year to 1800 cm2 in the last year. The recipient to donor ratio was 1.14. It is estimated that about 1 cm2 of skin allograft is needed for any cm2 burnt body surface area. Considering more than 700 acute burn hospitalization in our burn unit, the patients need for skin allograft would be more than 3.5 million cm2, annually. The annual amount of skin procurement in Mashhad has been currently about 20,000 cm2. It shows that our patients demand is higher than supply. Skin procurement and transplantation is a simple procedure which can be as lifesaving as organ procurement and transplantation. But there isn’t any national organization to regulate tissue procurement, banking and transplantation. Governmental support of skin procurement and transplantation programs especially nonprofit programs may improve skin procurement rate and save more lives of severely burnt patients.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
American Association of Tissue Banks (2016) Accredited bank search result. http://www.aatb.org/?q=node/154/done&sid=2947&token=cc1a961607e0fa61198afd3a1f04542a. Accessed 14 Nov 2016
Blome-Eberwein S, Jester A, Kuentscher M, Raff T, Germann G, Pelzer M (2002) Clinical practice of glycerol preserved allograft skin coverage. Burns 28:10–12
Chua A, Song C, Chai A, Chan L, Tan KC (2004) The impact of skin banking and the use of its cadaveric skin allografts for severe burn victims in Singapore. Burns 30:696–700
European Network of Competent Authorities for Tissues and Cells (EUROCET) (2015) Summary of tissue activities Year 2014. http://www.cntwintest.it/eurocetnew/doc/prel_tissue_2014.pdf. Accessed 17 Dec 2015.
Horner C, Atkins J, Simpson L, Philp B, Shelley O, Dziewulski P (2011) Estimating the usage of allograft in the treatment of major burns. Burns 37:590–593
Javdani Iraninejad M, Afzali A, Hatefi F (2013) The estimated population of Mashhad in years 2012–2014. Mashhad Municipality, Mashhad
Karakayali H, Haberal M (2005) The history and activities of transplantation in Turkey. In: Transplantation proceedings, 2005. Elsevier, pp 2905–2908
Karimi H, Montevalian A, Motabar A, Safari R, Parvas M, Vasigh M (2012) Epidemiology of paediatric burns in Iran. Ann Burns Fire Disasters 25:115–120
Kawata M, Takabayashi S, Takayama H, Hirata Y, Okamoto K, Tsukui H, Miyagi N (2010) Updates on JAYCS activities and Idiosyncrasies of Japanese cardiac surgery. Paper presented at the 13th annual scientific meeting for ISMICS, Berlin, Germany, 16–19 June. http://ismics.org/multimedia/files/2010/ISMICS2010-KawaTakabayashi-Fellows.ppt. Accessed 14 Dec 2015
Khaleghi E (2015) A report on organ procurement and transplantation in Montaseriyeh Organ Transplantation Hospital. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Mashhad, Iran. http://www.mums.ac.ir/tmc/fa/stat_report. Accessed 10 Nov 2016
Management and Planning Organization SCoI (2014) Statistical Pocketbook of the Islamic Republic of IRAN/1392 (Iranian year) (March 2013–March 2014) No. 30
McCauley R (2012) The skin bank, 1st edn. Saunders, Philadelphia
Mizraji R, Pérez S, Alvarez I (2004) Brain death: epidemiology and quality control of solid organ donor generation. In: Transplant Proceedings, 2004. Elsevier, pp 1641–1644
Mohajerzadeh L, Amouzgar M, Jangjou A, Ashab Yamin M, Ghaemi M (2008) A study on the survival of allograft in patients with major burn injuries at imam reza burn center. Med J Mashhad Univ Med Sci 50:425–432
MOHAN Foundation (2015) Multi organ harvesting aid network. http://www.mohanfoundation.org/inos-figures.asp Accessed 17 Dec 2015
Nivatvongs S, Dhitavat V, Jungsangasom A, Attajarusit Y, Sroyson S, Prabjabok S, Pinmongkol C (2008) Thirteen years of the Thai red cross organ donation centre. Transpl Proc 40:2091–2094. doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.06.032
Ohkawara H, Fukushima N, Kitagawa T, Ito T, Masutani Y, Sawa Y (2010) Tissue procurement system in Japan: the role of a tissue bank in medical center for translational research, Osaka University Hospital. In: Transplantation proceedings, 2010. Elsevier, pp 190–192
Perry VP (1966) A review of skin preservation. Cryobiology 3:109–130
Pont T, Gràcia R, Valdés C, Nieto C, Rodellar L, Arancibia I, Vilarnau RD (2003) Theoretic rates of potential tissue donation in a university hospital. Transpl Proc 35:1640–1641
Rodríguez A et al (2015) Medical students for tissue procurement, a 10-year experience in a large university hospital: an exportable model? Transpl Proc 47:2314–2317
von Versen R (2004) Overview of tissue banking and transplantation. In: Technologies WHODoEH (ed) WHO consultation on the ethics, access and safety in tissue and organ transplantation: issues of global concern, Madrid, Spain, 2003. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42886
Webster JP (1944) Refrigerated skin grafts. Ann Surg 120:431
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of Ms. M. Hassanpour for editing the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tavousi, S.H., Ahmadabadi, A., Sedaghat, A. et al. Skin allograft procurement and transplantation in Mashhad, Iran: Are burn patients’ needs being met?. Cell Tissue Bank 18, 397–402 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10561-017-9626-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10561-017-9626-5