Abstract
Advances in surgical and medical treatment for congenital heart disease have resulted in greater life expectancy. As a result, there has been an increase in the utilization of cross-sectional imaging for diagnosis and management of complex congenital heart disease. This manuscript describes a morphological and sequential segmental approach to deciphering the code of complex congenital heart defects in cross-sectional imaging, mostly computed tomography. This manuscript will review approaches to differentiate types of transposition, the anatomic relationships of cardiac structures, and the application of these relationships in the description of complex congenital heart disease.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Perloff JK, Child JS (1998) Congenital heart disease in adults, 2nd edn. WB Saunders, Philadelphia
Anderson RH, Becker AE, Freedom RM et al (1984) Sequential segmental analysis of congenital heart disease. Pediatr Cardiol 5:281–287
Abbott ME (1936) Atlas of congenital heart disease. American Heart Association, New York
Edwards WD (2008) Classification and terminology of cardiovascular anomalies. In: Allen HD, Driscoll DJ, Shaddy RE, Feltes TF (eds) Moss and Adams’ heart disease in infants children and adolescents, 7th edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 34–56
Van Praagh R (1972) The segmental approach to diagnosis in congenital heart disease. In: Birth defects: original article series. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 4–23
Van Praagh R, David I, Gordon D et al (1981) Ventricular diagnosis and designation. In: Godman MJ (ed) Pediatric cardiology. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 153–168
De la Cruz MV, Nadal-Ginard B (1972) Rules for the diagnosis of visceral situs, truncoconal morphologies and ventricular inversions. Am Heart J 84:19–32
De la Cruz MV, Espino-Vela J, Attie F et al (1967) An embryological theory for the ventricular inversions and their classification. Am Heart J 73:777–793
De la Cruz MV, Berrazueta JR, Arteaga M et al (1976) Rules for diagnosis of arterioventricular discordances and spatial identification of ventricles. Br Heart J 8:341–354
Anderson RH, Becker AE, Van Mierop LH (1977) What should we call the ‘crista’. Br Heart J 39:856–859
Casey B (1998) Two rights make a wrong: human left-right malformations. Hum Mol Genet 7:1565–1571
Applegate DE, Goske MJ, Pierce G et al (1999) Situs revisited: imaging of the heterotaxy syndrome. Radiographics 19:837–852
Edwards WD (1989) Congenital heart disease. In: Schoen FJ (ed) Interventional and surgical cardiovascular pathology: clinical correlations and basic principles. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 281–367
Hagler DJ, O’Leary PW (2008) Cardiac malpositions and abnormalities of atrial and visceral situs. In: Allen HD, Driscoll DJ, Shaddy RE, Feltes TF (eds) Moss and Adams’ heart disease in infants children and adolescents, 7th edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 1149–1172
De la Cruz MV, Anselmi G, Cisneros F et al (1959) An embryologic explanation for the corrected transposition of the great vessels: additional description of the main anatomic features of this malformation and its varieties. Am Heart J 57:104–117
Van Praagh R (1984) Diagnosis of complex congenital heart disease: morphologic–anatomic method and terminology. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 7:115–120
Anderson RH, Shirali G (2009) Sequential segmental analysis. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2(1):24–35
Tynan M, Becker A, Macartney F et al (1979) Nomenclature and classification of congenital heart disease. Br Heart J 41:544–553
Conflict of interest
None.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bierhals, A.J., Rossini, S., Woodard, P.K. et al. Segmental analysis of congenital heart disease: putting the “puzzle” together with computed tomography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 30, 1161–1172 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-014-0443-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-014-0443-7