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Mismatch Negativity (MMN) as an Index of Cognitive Dysfunction

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Abstract

Cognition is often affected in a variety of neuropsychiatric, neurological, and neurodevelopmental disorders. The neural discriminative response, reflected in mismatch negativity (MMN) and its magnetoencephalographic equivalent (MMNm), has been used as a tool to study a variety of disorders involving auditory cognition. MMN/MMNm is an involuntary brain response to auditory change or, more generally, to pattern regularity violation. For a number of disorders, MMN/MMNm amplitude to sound deviance has been shown to be attenuated or the peak-latency of the component prolonged compared to controls. This general finding suggests that while not serving as a specific marker to any particular disorder, MMN may be useful for understanding factors of cognition in various disorders, and has potential to serve as an indicator of risk. This review presents a brief history of the MMN, followed by a description of how MMN has been used to index auditory processing capability in a range of neuropsychiatric, neurological, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Finally, we suggest future directions for research to further enhance our understanding of the neural substrate of deviance detection that could lead to improvements in the use of MMN as a clinical tool.

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Acknowledgments

A version of this paper was presented at the 6th International Conference on Mismatch Negativity and its Scientific and Clinical implications. We would like to thank Jean DeMarco and Emily Zane for assistance with the reference list. Support was provided by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communications Disorders of the National Institutes of Health (R13DC012029 and R01DC004263, E.S.), the National Science Foundation (#1156635), and an Institutional Research Grant (IUT 02-13) from the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (R.N.). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or the National Science Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

    Risto Näätänen

  2. Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), University of Aarhus, Arhus, Denmark

    Risto Näätänen

  3. Cognitive Brain Research Unit (CBRU), Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Risto Näätänen

  4. Departments of Neuroscience and Otorhinolaryngology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA

    Elyse S. Sussman

  5. Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Dean Salisbury

  6. Ph.D. Program in Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA

    Valerie L. Shafer

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  1. Risto Näätänen
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  2. Elyse S. Sussman
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  3. Dean Salisbury
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  4. Valerie L. Shafer
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Correspondence to Elyse S. Sussman.

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This is one of several papers published together in Brain Topography in the “Special Issue: Mismatch Negativity”.

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Näätänen, R., S. Sussman, E., Salisbury, D. et al. Mismatch Negativity (MMN) as an Index of Cognitive Dysfunction. Brain Topogr 27, 451–466 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-014-0374-6

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