Abstract
In this study, a large-eddy simulation (LES) code with the one-dimensional turbulence (ODT) wall model is tested for the simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer under neutral, stable, unstable and free-convection conditions. The ODT model provides a vertically refined flow field near the wall, which has small-scale fluctuations from the ODT stochastic turbulence model and an extension of the LES large-scale coherent structures. From this additional field, the lower boundary conditions needed by LES can be extracted. Results are compared to the LES using the classical algebraic wall model based on the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST), showing similar results in most of the domain with improvements in horizontal velocity and temperature spectra in the near-wall region for simulations of the neutral/stable/unstable cases. For the free-convection test, spectra from the ODT part of the flow were directly compared to spectra generated by LES-MOST at the same height, showing similar behaviour despite some degradation. Furthermore, the additional flow field improved the near-wall vertical velocity skewness for the unstable/free-convection cases. The tool is demonstrated to provide adequate results without the need of any case-specific parameter tuning. Future studies involving complex physicochemical processes at the surface (such as the presence of vertically distributed sources and sinks of matter and energy) within a large domain are likely to benefit from this tool.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andreotti B, Fourrière A, Ould-Kaddour F, Murray B, Claudin P (2009) Giant aeolian dune size determined by the average depth of the atmospheric boundary layer. Nature 457(7233):1120–1123. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07787
Bhuiyan MAS, Alam JM (2020) Scale-adaptive turbulence modeling for les over complex terrain. Eng Comput. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-020-01190-w
Bou-Zeid E, Meneveau C, Parlange M (2005) A scale-dependent lagrangian dynamic model for large eddy simulation of complex turbulent flows. Phys Fluids 17(2):025105. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1839152
Chen B, Chamecki M, Katul GG (2019) Effects of topography on in-canopy transport of gases emitted within dense forests. Q J R Meteorol Soc 145(722):2101–2114. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3546
Dupont S, Bergametti G, Marticorena B, Simoëns S (2013) Modeling saltation intermittency. J Geophys Res Atmospheres 118(13):7109–7128. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50528
Dupont S, Bergametti G, Simoëns S (2014) Modeling aeolian erosion in presence of vegetation. J Geophys Res Earth Surf 119(2):168–187. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JF002875
Echekki T, Kerstein AR, Dreeben TD, Chen JY (2001) One-dimensional turbulence simulation of turbulent jet diffusion flames: model formulation and illustrative applications. Combust Flame 125(3):1083–1105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-2180(01)00228-0
Finnigan J (2000) Turbulence in plant canopies. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 32(1):519–571. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fluid.32.1.519
Freire LS, Chamecki M (2018) A one-dimensional stochastic model of turbulence within and above plant canopies. Agric For Meteorol 250–251:9–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.12.211
Freire LS, Chamecki M (2021) Large-eddy simulation of smooth and rough channel flows using a one-dimensional stochastic wall model. Comput Fluids 230(105):135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2021.105135
Freire LS, Chamecki M, Gillies JA (2016) Flux-profile relationship for dust concentration in the stratified atmospheric surface layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 160(2):249–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-016-0140-2
Giometto MG, Christen A, Meneveau C, Fang J, Krafczyk M, Parlange MB (2016) Spatial characteristics of roughness sublayer mean flow and turbulence over a realistic urban surface. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 160(3):425–452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-016-0157-6
Han BS, Baik JJ, Kwak KH, Park SB (2018) Large-eddy simulation of reactive pollutant exchange at the top of a street canyon. Atmospheric Environ 187:381–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.06.012
Kaimal JC, Finnigan JJ (1994) Atmospheric boundary layer flows: their structure and measurement. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Kerstein A, Ashurst WT, Wunsch S, Nilsen V (2001) One-dimensional turbulence: vector formulation and application to free shear flows. J Fluid Mech 447:85–109. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112001005778
Kerstein AR (1999) One-dimensional turbulence: model formulation and application to homogeneous turbulence, shear flows, and buoyant stratified flows. J Fluid Mech 392:277–334. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112099005376
Kerstein AR, Wunsch S (2006) Simulation of a stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer using one-dimensional turbulence. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 118(2):325–356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-005-9004-x
Khanna S, Brasseur JG (1997) Analysis of monin-obukhov similarity from large-eddy simulation. J Fluid Mech 345:251–286. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112097006277
Khanna S, Brasseur JG (1998) Three-dimensional buoyancy- and shear-induced local structure of the atmospheric boundary layer. J Atmospheric Sci 55(5):710–743. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055%3c0710:TDBASI%3e2.0.CO;2
Klein M, Schmidt H (2018) Stochastic modeling of turbulent scalar transport at very high schmidt numbers. Proc Appl Math Mech 17(1):639–640. https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201710289
Klein M, Schmidt H, Lignell DO (2022) Stochastic modeling of surface scalar-flux fluctuations in turbulent channel flow using one-dimensional turbulence. Int J Heat Fluid Flow 93(108):889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2021.108889
Kleissl J, Kumar V, Meneveau C, Parlange MB (2006) Numerical study of dynamic smagorinsky models in large-eddy simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer: Validation in stable and unstable conditions Water Resour Res 42(6):W06D09, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004685
Kok JF, Parteli EJR, Michaels TI, Karam DB (2012) The physics of wind-blown sand and dust. Rep Prog Phys 75(10):106,901, https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/75/10/106901
Morize C, Moisy F, Rabaud M (2005) Decaying grid-generated turbulence in a rotating tank. Phys Fluids 17(9):095–105 (10.1063/1.2046710)
Nieuwstadt FTM, Mason PJ, Moeng CH, Schumann U (1991) Large-eddy simulation of the convective boundary layer – A comparison of four computer codes. In: 8th Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows, Volume 1, vol 1, pp 343–367
Pan Y, Chamecki M, Isard SA (2014) Large-eddy simulation of turbulence and particle dispersion inside the canopy roughness sublayer. J Fluid Mech 753:499–534. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.379
Pan Y, Chamecki M, Isard SA, Nepf HM (2015) Dispersion of particles released at the leading edge of a crop canopy. Agric For Meteorol 211–212:37–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.04.012
Rakhi Klein M, M JAM, Schmidt H, (2019) One-dimensional turbulence modelling of incompressible temporally developing turbulent boundary layers with comparison to dns. J Turbul https://doi.org/10.1080/14685248.2019.1674859
Richter DH, Dempsey AE, Sullivan PP (2019) Turbulent transport of spray droplets in the vicinity of moving surface waves. J Phys Oceanogr 49(7):1789–1807. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-19-0003.1
Sagaut P (2006) Large eddy simulation for incompressible flows, 3rd edn. Springer, New York
Salesky ST, Anderson W (2018) Buoyancy effects on large-scale motions in convective atmospheric boundary layers: implications for modulation of near-wall processes. J Fluid Mech 856:135–168. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.711
Salesky ST, Anderson W (2020) Revisiting inclination of large-scale motions in unstably stratified channel flow. J Fluid Mech 884:R5. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.987
Salesky ST, Katul GG, Chamecki M (2013) Buoyancy effects on the integral lengthscales and mean velocity profile in atmospheric surface layer flows. Phys Fluids 25(10):101–105. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4823747
Schmidt H, Schumann U (1989) Coherent structure of the convective boundary layer derived from large-eddy simulations. J Fluid Mech 200:511–562. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112089000753
Schmidt RC, Kerstein AR, Wunsch S, Nilsen V (2003) Near-wall LES closure based on one-dimensional turbulence modeling. J Comput Phys 186(1):317–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9991(03)00071-8
Stoll R, Gibbs JA, Salesky ST, Anderson W, Calaf M (2020) Large-eddy simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 177(2):541–581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-020-00556-3
Sullivan PP, Banner ML, Morison RP, Peirson WL (2018) Turbulent flow over steep steady and unsteady waves under strong wind forcing. J Phys Oceanogr 48(1):3–27. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-17-0118.1
Sun G, Lignell DO, Hewson JC, Gin CR (2014) Particle dispersion in homogeneous turbulence using the one-dimensional turbulence model. Phys Fluids 26(26):103301. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4896555
Wurps H, Steinfeld G, Heinz S (2020) Grid-resolution requirements for large-eddy simulations of the atmospheric boundary layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 175(2):179–201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-020-00504-1
Yang XIA, Park GI, Moin P (2017) Log-layer mismatch and modeling of the fluctuating wall stress in wall-modeled large-eddy simulations. Phys Rev Fluids 2(104):601. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.2.104601
Zhang Y, Hu R, Zheng X (2018) Large-scale coherent structures of suspended dust concentration in the neutral atmospheric surface layer: a large-eddy simulation study. Phys Fluids 30(4):046–601. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5022089
Zhong J, Cai XM, Bloss WJ (2017) Large eddy simulation of reactive pollutants in a deep urban street canyon: coupling dynamics with o3-nox-voc chemistry. Environ Pollut 224:171–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.076
Acknowledgements
L.S.F. was funded by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Brazil), Grants No. 2018/24284-1 and 2019/14371-7. Research carried out using the computational resources of the Center for Mathematical Sciences Applied to Industry (CeMEAI) funded by FAPESP (grant 2013/07375-0). The author acknowledge the reviewers whose comments helped improve and clarify this manuscript. The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Freire, L.S. Large-Eddy Simulation of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer with Near-Wall Resolved Turbulence. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 184, 25–43 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-022-00702-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-022-00702-z