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Performance and structural comparison of hydrogels made from wheat bran arabinoxylan using enzymatic and coacervation methods as micro-and nano- encapsulation and delivery devices

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Abstract

This study evaluated the structural and performance differences between arabinoglucuronoxylan micro-hydrogels that were enzymatically produced from alkaline-extracted wheat bran arabinoglucuronoxylans using recombinant α-L-arabinofuranosidase (AbfB) that selectively removes arabinose side chains, and chemically through coacervation process, as delivery devices for bioactive substances. The encapsulations of model bioactive substance, gallic acid (GA), in the hydrogels, were done either in-situ or ex-situ to identify the most effective encapsulation and delivery method. The hydrogels particle size distribution, polydispersity index, GA encapsulation efficiency, retention and release of functional GA (based on antioxidant activity) were assessed. The hydrogels formed in both coacervation and enzymatic processes had particle size ranges of 469–678 nm, which classify them as micro-hydrogels. However, the latter were monodispersed with polydispersity index (PdI) < 0.4 compared to the former with PdI > 0.7. In addition, enzymatically produced hydrogels attained higher zeta potential (−8.8 mV) and retained and released GA with higher anti-oxidant capacity (91%) than chemically formed micro-hydrogels (zeta potential = − 3.3 mV and antioxidant capacity = 80%). However, GA encapsulation efficiencies (72% in-situ and 68% ex-situ) were higher in chemically formed micro-hydrogels than enzymatically produced micro-hydrogels (59% in-situ and 52% ex-situ). The in-situ encapsulated GA experienced less initial burst during sustained release of 8 h compared to ex-situ encapsulation. Overall, enzymatic modification process and in-situ encapsulation were the most effective methods for production of arabinoglucuronoxylan micro-hydrogels delivery devices and for encapsulation of the GA, respectively, because of maintaining functional GA upon release and having the potential to customize the structural and functional properties of the micro-hydrogels.

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Acknowledgements

National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa and Process Engineering Department, Stellenbosch University for financial support, Dr. Shaunita Rose (Microbiology Department), Dr. Elrika Harmzen-Pretorius (Central Analytical Facilities) and Dr. Helen Pfukwa (Chemistry Department) Stellenbosch University, for donation of Aspergillus niger D15 strain; assistance with the technical aspects of the project, and analytical services, respectively.

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  1. Department of Processing Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa

    Annie F. A. Chimphango & Thokozani O. Matavire

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  1. Annie F. A. Chimphango
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  2. Thokozani O. Matavire
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Correspondence to Annie F. A. Chimphango.

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Classification: Biomaterials; biopolymers; Drug delivery devices; Hydrogels; Nanotechnology

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Chimphango, A.F.A., Matavire, T.O. Performance and structural comparison of hydrogels made from wheat bran arabinoxylan using enzymatic and coacervation methods as micro-and nano- encapsulation and delivery devices. Biomed Microdevices 21, 97 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-019-0445-2

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