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Changes in leaf tissue of Carica papaya during single and mixed infections with Papaya ringspot virus and Papaya mosaic virus

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Biologia Plantarum

Abstract

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is susceptible to viral diseases caused by Papaya mosaic virus (PapMV) and Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), which limit fruit production and affect economic yield. The symptoms produced by both the viruses are similar in early stages of infection and include vein and leaf chlorosis, which develop into mosaic at later stages of infection when leaf lamina can get reduced in size and distorted with a shoe-string aspect. Digital image analyses, such as fractal dimension (FD) and lacunarity (λ) were used here to examine papaya tissue after single and mixed infections of PRSV and PapMV. Morphological changes, such as hypoplasia, hyperplasia, and neoplasia are described in tissues with viral infections. Furthermore, we quantified these changes and suggest three ranges of tissue damage according to their λ values in rank 1 (0.01 to 0.39), rank 2 (0.4 to 0.79), and rank 3 (0.8 to 1). Our analyses suggest that in synergism and antagonism there is a competition of both viruses to occupy the same mesophyll cells, as indicated by their intermediate values of lacunarity.

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Abbreviations

A:

area

DIA:

digital image analyses

Fe:

feret diameter

FD:

fractal dimension

λ:

lacunarity

PRSV:

Papaya ringspot virus

PapMV:

Papaya mosaic virus

VB:

vascular bundle

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, 36821, Irapuato, México

    M. A. García-Viera, L. Sánchez-Segura, G. Chavez-Calvillo, D. Jarquín-Rosales & L. Silva-Rosales

Authors
  1. M. A. García-Viera
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  2. L. Sánchez-Segura
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  3. G. Chavez-Calvillo
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  4. D. Jarquín-Rosales
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  5. L. Silva-Rosales
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to L. Silva-Rosales.

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Acknowledgements: We acknowledge the Cinvestav greenhouse staff and the SAGARPA-CONACYT- 2011-02-163213 project funding.

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García-Viera, M.A., Sánchez-Segura, L., Chavez-Calvillo, G. et al. Changes in leaf tissue of Carica papaya during single and mixed infections with Papaya ringspot virus and Papaya mosaic virus. Biol Plant 62, 173–180 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-017-0741-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-017-0741-8

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