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Limited variation in proportional contributions of auto- and heterotrophic soil respiration, despite large differences in vegetation structure and function in the Low Arctic

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Abstract

Arctic ecosystems contain vast stores of soil carbon (C), yet our understanding of the factors controlling CO2 efflux from tundra soils remains poor. Partitioning soil respiration (R S) into heterotrophic (R H) and autotrophic (R A) sources can help elucidate the relative contributions from microbial breakdown of soil organic matter (SOM) and root and rhizospheric activities—two processes that can have contrasting effects on long-term soil C stocks. Using two techniques, we quantified the magnitudes, relative proportions and environmental drivers of R H and R A in four common arctic vegetation types in West Greenland. We employed a trenching method in large patches of Betula nana, Salix glauca, mixed-shrub (equal mix of Betula and Salix) and graminoids dominated by Poa spp. At a nearby location, we introduced 13CO2 to Betula- and graminoid-dominated plots. The difference in the autotrophic proportion (R A/R S) between methods was minimal, providing confidence that our more extensive trenching approach provided accurate estimates of R A and R H. Despite contrasting microclimate conditions, large differences in vegetation structure and wide variation in R S, there were minimal differences in mean R A/R S (0.40–0.48 across all vegetation types). Our results suggest that R A/R S may be more conservative than previously thought for low-productivity ecosystems. We suggest that partitioning R S into R A and R H may be a useful tool to identify ecosystems that have fallen out of equilibrium and may be poised to either gain or lose soil C.

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Acknowledgments

Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation grant numbers PLR1107381 awarded to E. Post and D. Eissenstat and PLR1108425 awarded to P. Sullivan and J. Welker. We are grateful for field assistance from E. McKnight, C. Cairns, O. Niziolek, M. Holdrege, N. Izral, E. Samuel and J. Florence.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Polar Center and Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Sean M. P. Cahoon & Eric Post

  2. Environment and Natural Resources Institute, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA

    Patrick F. Sullivan & Cassandra Gamm

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA

    Cassandra Gamm & Jeffrey M. Welker

  4. Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    David Eissenstat

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  1. Sean M. P. Cahoon
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  2. Patrick F. Sullivan
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  4. Jeffrey M. Welker
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  5. David Eissenstat
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  6. Eric Post
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Correspondence to Sean M. P. Cahoon.

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Cahoon, S.M.P., Sullivan, P.F., Gamm, C. et al. Limited variation in proportional contributions of auto- and heterotrophic soil respiration, despite large differences in vegetation structure and function in the Low Arctic. Biogeochemistry 127, 339–351 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-016-0184-x

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