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Identifying high priority conservation areas for Patagonian wetlands biodiversity

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Abstract

Given the multiple stressors affecting freshwater ecosystems and the limited resources devoted to their management, effective conservation of freshwater biodiversity requires regional prioritization. Patagonian wetlands are essential for regional biodiversity and the economy, but they are still far from reaching global conservation targets and many of them could disappear due to climate change. Our study aimed at prioritizing wetlands based on aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity, their conservation status and vulnerability to climate change. First, we identified 43 priority wetlands containing all aquatic biodiversity collected in 82 Patagonian wetlands located over a 1500 km north–south gradient, by using the software Marxan. Then, we ranked within priority wetlands according to their conservation status (low priority if they were already protected; medium priority if not), importance for terrestrial biodiversity conservation (high priority) and vulnerability to climate change. Highly ranked priority wetlands in National Parks (low priority), contained diverse wetlands (57% aquatic taxon richness), including a large proportion of rare species (33%). High priority wetlands are oases of water in an arid and semiarid steppe, containing not only a large proportion of the aquatic biodiversity, but also acting as a refuge for terrestrial flora and fauna. Different management actions are proposed according to wetland priority level (e.g. fencing, creation of artificial ponds), and since 20% of medium priority and 36% of high priority wetlands are expected to disappear by 2050, their inclusion in conservation or restoration plans needs to be carefully evaluated.

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Acknowledgements

We thank M Archangelsky, C Brand, G Ciari, AÑ Claverie, CY Di Prinzio, M Grech, W Opazo, V Nakamatsu, N Nakamura, and R Suarez for assistance in the field and lab work. We are grateful to RD Crego and C Chehébar for providing terrestrial biodiversity and climate change scenarios data. We also thank the National Parks and Provinces administrations for sampling permits. M. Archangelsky, C. Brand, B.S. Gullo, M. Marchese, S. Mazzucconi and P. Pessacq helped in the taxonomic identification of some invertebrates. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this manuscript. This work was partially supported by the project R/8, No. 108/2013 UNPSJB. LBE, LMM, MGG, and MLM were funded by CONICET. LBE was also funded by Fundación Carolina. This is Scientific Contribution no. 152 from LIESA. VH was supported by a Ramón y Cajal contract funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC-2013-13979).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CONICET-UNPSJB), Roca 780, 9200, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina

    Luis B. Epele, Marta G. Grech, Luz M. Manzo & M. Laura Miserendino

  2. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, UNPSJB, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina

    Luis B. Epele, Marta G. Grech & M. Laura Miserendino

  3. Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management group (FEHM), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Av. Diagonal 643, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain

    Luis B. Epele & Núria Bonada

  4. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología Y Geología (CONICET-UNRN), General Roca, Río Negro, Argentina

    Pablo A. Macchi

  5. Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya, Crta. Sant Llorenc de Monunys, Km 2, 25280, Solsona, Lleida, Spain

    Virgilio Hermoso

  6. Serra-Hunter fellow, Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management group (FEHM), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Institut de Recerca de l’Aigua (IdRA), Av. Diagonal 643, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain

    Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles

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  1. Luis B. Epele
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Correspondence to Luis B. Epele.

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Epele, L.B., Grech, M.G., Manzo, L.M. et al. Identifying high priority conservation areas for Patagonian wetlands biodiversity. Biodivers Conserv 30, 1359–1374 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02146-2

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