Abstract
One of the tree species with the greatest invasive potential worldwide is Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loundon, which is characterized by producing a great number of individuals in short periods of time, generating different impacts on the ecosystems it invades. The genus Chusquea is present in a diverse number of ecosystems in South America. In the temperate forests of Chile and Argentina, it forms dense thickets in the undergrowth as well as in open areas. Its rapid growth and vegetative reproduction, with large numbers of individuals, allow the species to dominate and restrict the establishment of other plant species. This study focused on analyzing the effect of the presence of individuals of Chusquea culeou E. Desv. on the establishment of the invasive species Pinus contorta, as well as on other native herbaceous and shrub species in Araucaria-Nothofagus forest. With this aim, we established 204 plots within the Malalcahuello National Reserve (in the Andes of south-central Chile) along a gradient of P. contorta invasion, where the presence or absence of these species was recorded through different percentages of Chusquea cover. The results showed that the probability of presence of P. contorta decreases significantly in areas where Chusquea cover is greater than 25%. Native species also decrease their presence, but to a lesser extent compared to P. contorta. Our results demonstrate the inhibitory effect of Chusquea for the establishment of other plant species, but more markedly for invasive conifers.
Resumen
Una de las especies arbóreas con mayor potencial de invasión a nivel mundial es Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loundon, la cual se caracteriza por producir una gran cantidad de individuos en cortos periodos de tiempo, lo que genera distintos impactos sobre los ecosistemas que invade. El género Chusquea, con varias especies de bambú, está presente en diversos ecosistemas de Sudamérica. En los bosques templados de Chile y Argentina forma densos matorrales en el sotobosque y zonas abiertas. Su rápido crecimiento y alta reproducción vegetativa, le permiten dominar y restringir el establecimiento de nuevas especies vegetales una vez establecido. El presente estudio se enfocó en analizar el efecto de la presencia de la especie Chusquea culeou E. Desv. sobre la abundancia y la probabilidad de establecimiento de la conífera invasora P. contorta y también de especies nativas de carácter herbáceas y arbustivas en Bosques de Araucaria -Nothofagus. Para ello se establecieron 204 parcelas en la Reserva Nacional Malalcahuello a lo largo de un gradiente de invasión de P. contorta, donde se registró la presencia/ausencia de estas especies a través de distintos porcentajes de cobertura de Ch. culeou. Los resultados mostraron que la abundancia y la probabilidad de establecimiento de P. contorta disminuye significativamente en lugares donde la cobertura de Chusquea es mayor al 25%. Las especies nativas también disminuyen su presencia, pero en menor magnitud en comparación al invasor P. contorta. Estos resultados demuestran el efecto inhibidor de Ch. culeou para el establecimiento de individuos de otras especies vegetales, pero más marcadamente para la conífera invasora.
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Acknowledgements
This work is part of the research carried out by the Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB), and much of the field work could not have been done without the support of the LIB team. Study funded by FONDECYT 1140485 and 1180205, CONAF FIBN N°014/2018. RGA, EFL, AP are funded by ANID/Basal FB210006. AFR thanks ANID/Basal FB210015 (CENAMAD) and is thankful for the support received from ANID SCIA-Anillo ACT210052 and grants DIUFRO DI20-0066 & DI22-2003.
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Research design by RG, AP; Fieldwork by RG, JU; Data analysis by EFL, JU; Manuscript writing and editing by JU, EFL, AFR, AP, RG.
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Ulloa, J., Fuentes-Lillo, E., Fuentes-Ramírez, A. et al. Native bamboo increases biotic resistance to Pinus contorta invasion in temperate forest ecosystems. Biol Invasions 25, 3905–3915 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-023-03147-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-023-03147-8