Abstract
Correlative niche models are commonly used in the prevention and management of invasive species. The climatic similarity between non-native and native environments is a necessary assumption for the maintenance of species niches, influencing ecological processes in the persistence of non-native species in novel environments. Spatial patterns derived from distribution models provide a cost-effective method for predicting the occurrence of invasive species, but these models also allow the investigation of processes in the current patterns of non-native species occurrence. Here we used a literature review and niche modeling to investigate the introduction pathway and niche dynamics for non-native vertebrate species in Brazil. We found that environmental enhancement and commodity species are the primary pathways of introduction. Because our model indicated the coastal regions of Brazil as suitable for vertebrate introductions, and these pathways are associated with the animal trade, we highlight that port facilities are key points for species introductions. Non-native species at the early invasive stages showed a higher prevalence of niche unfilling, while those at the later invasive stages showed niche expansion. Also, recent introductions occurred in the margin of suitable climatic conditions, while later introductions generally occurred outside analog climatic conditions. This result emphasizes the significant role of niche shift and climatic conditions in the initial stages of the invasion process as a proximate factor in promoting species persistence.
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Acknowledgements
We thank to the researchers Rafael Dudeque Zenni (Universidade Estadual de Lavras), Leandro Duarte (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SUl) and Dayani Bailly (Universidade Estadual de Maringá) for discussions and analytical suggestions. We would also like to thank all the authors that made their data available in their publications and collaborating for a more interactive science and the two anonymous reviewers that improved our work. This study was also financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) – Finance Code 001. CAPES also provided fellowships to J.R.P. Adelino. MRL was provided financial support from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvivmento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq Grant: 407733/2016-7).
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JRPA: Conceptualization, data collection, data management, data analysis, writing and reviewing. MRL: Conceptualization, writing, reviewing, and supervising.
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Adelino, J.R.P., Lima, M.R. Current patterns of non-native vertebrate introductions in Brazil: introduction pathways and the contribution of niche dynamics in understanding the invasion process. Biol Invasions 25, 3753–3772 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-023-03134-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-023-03134-z