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Displacement of native Patagonian freshwater silverside populations (Odontesthes hatcheri, Atherinopsidae) by introgressive hybridization with introduced O. bonariensis

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Abstract

The Patagonian silverside Odontesthes hatcheri is a native fish restricted to streams and lakes of Patagonia (Argentina and Chile). Stocking programs to enhance recreational fisheries in man-made reservoirs have introduced a nonnative, closely-related species (the pejerrey O. bonariensis) in Patagonia almost a century ago, and yet little is known about the invasiveness of this species. To evaluate the impact of these introductions we analyze genetic data (microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA) to quantify the incidence of hybridization between these two species and assess potential effects on native population structure. Phylogeographic analyses reveal weak geographic differentiation among populations of O. hatcheri, in agreement with previous studies for other freshwater fishes in Patagonia strongly influenced by Quaternary glaciations and hydrographic basin changes since the last glaciation. However, many populations have unique genetic pools. In several areas, introductions resulted in extensive hybridization, with high frequencies of F2 and backcrossed hybrids in natural populations, and in some cases O. bonariensis has completely displaced the native populations. The negative impact of these introductions on native populations is correlated to temperature, a critical parameter in the face of global warming, suggesting that invasiveness of O. bonariensis may increase in the future. Our results advise against continuing stocking programs to preserve the integrity of natural populations of the Patagonian silverside.

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Acknowledgments

This study is a new contribution to a more comprehensive project for conservation of biodiversity based on reconstructing phylogeographic histories of several distinct species (or species complexes) native to the Patagonian region of southern Argentina and Chile (http://patagonia.byu.edu). We thank Gustavo Somoza for samples from Lake San Lorenzo and Feliciano Gómez for samples from Lake Pellegrini, and D. Ruzzante for insightful comments on the manuscript. We would like to acknowledge the following grants for supporting this study: Universidad Nacional del Comahue (04B147), CONICET (PIP 112-200801-00282), and FONCYT (PICT 2005-35241) of Argentina to VC; FONDECYT 108002 to EH; George Washington University (startup funds to GO); and the NSF-PIRE award (OISE-0530267, USA) to the following institutions (listed alphabetically): Brigham Young University, Centro Nacional Patagónico, Dalhousie University, Darwinion Botanical Institute, Universidad Austral de Chile, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Universidad de Concepción, and University of Nebraska.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, FHUC-UNL, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina

    Eva C. Rueda

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 2023 G Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA

    Kerry A. Mullaney & Guillermo Ortí

  3. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue – Consejo Nacionalde Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 8400, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina

    Cecilia Conte-Grand & Víctor Cussac

  4. Departamento de Sistemas Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA, Universidad de Concepción and Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas Patagónicos, Concepción, Chile

    Evelyn M. Habit

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  1. Eva C. Rueda
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  2. Kerry A. Mullaney
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  3. Cecilia Conte-Grand
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  4. Evelyn M. Habit
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  5. Víctor Cussac
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  6. Guillermo Ortí
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Correspondence to Guillermo Ortí.

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Rueda, E.C., Mullaney, K.A., Conte-Grand, C. et al. Displacement of native Patagonian freshwater silverside populations (Odontesthes hatcheri, Atherinopsidae) by introgressive hybridization with introduced O. bonariensis . Biol Invasions 19, 971–988 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-016-1295-y

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