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Morpho-Physiological and Molecular Characterization Reveal Low Genetic Variation for Conservation of Endangered Iranian Moshgak (Ducrosia anethifolia Boiss)

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Abstract

Ducrosia anethifolia Boiss is an aromatic vegetable and medicinal plant of Apiaceae family. In this study, morphological and essential oil studies as well as ISSR analyses were employed to investigate genetic diversity in 120 Moshgak accessions of 24 Iranian populations. High variations were observed in morpho-physiological traits (morphological and essential oil contents) of the populations in 2 consecutive agronomic years. In both studied years, the highest leaf (1% and 1.2%) and seed (2.46% and 2.9%) essential oil contents were recorded for the Abarkuh population. For ISSR analysis, 15 primer combinations were employed that produced 120 polymorphic bands. Dendrogram and STRUCTURE software grouped the accessions into four clusters although such grouping did not fit the geographic regions perfectly. Among the populations, Abarkuh and Kerman exhibited the highest genetic distance. Based on analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), only 4.32% of the total genetic diversity was observed among the populations, while 95.68% was detected within the populations. Moreover, the studied populations exhibited a low genetic differentiation (Gst = 0.13) but a high gene flow (Nm = 3.26). It may be concluded that the results of the study provide new insights regarding the genetic diversity of Moshgak germplasm that will be useful for its conservation management and breeding programs for oil- and yield-related traits.

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Abbreviations

ISSR:

Inter Simple Sequence Repeats

CV:

Coefficient of variances

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

PCoA:

Principal coordinate analysis

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Mr. Amir Barzegar for germplasm support and Isfahan University of Technology for financial support.

Funding

The article was supported by Isfahan University of Technology and there are no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran

    Fatemeh Arabsalehi, Mehdi Rahimmalek & Mohammad R. Sabzalian

  2. Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran

    Mehdi Rahimmalek

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  1. Fatemeh Arabsalehi
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  2. Mehdi Rahimmalek
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  3. Mohammad R. Sabzalian
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Correspondence to Mehdi Rahimmalek.

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Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

10528_2022_10237_MOESM1_ESM.docx

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 87 kb)—Figure S1. ISSR marker profiles of Moshgak accessions generated by P13 ISSR primer. M: 50 bp ladder.

10528_2022_10237_MOESM2_ESM.docx

Supplementary file2 (DOCX 24 kb)—Figure S2. Estimation of Delta K as a prerequisite for the best fit value of K obtained with STRUCTURE analysis.

Supplementary file3 (DOCX 17 kb)

Supplementary file4 (DOCX 14 kb)

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Arabsalehi, F., Rahimmalek, M. & Sabzalian, M.R. Morpho-Physiological and Molecular Characterization Reveal Low Genetic Variation for Conservation of Endangered Iranian Moshgak (Ducrosia anethifolia Boiss). Biochem Genet 60, 2587–2610 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-022-10237-0

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