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Sublethal effects of imidacloprid exposure on Spalangia endius, a pupal parasitoid of filth flies

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Abstract

Parasitoids and neonicotinoids can both suppress economically harmful filth fly populations. However, sublethal effects of neonicotinoids have not previously been studied for commonly used species of filth fly parasitoids. Exposure to an LC50 of imidacloprid decreased the ability of surviving individuals of the parasitoid wasp Spalangia endius Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to kill house fly pupae under some conditions. In an unburied-hosts experiment, significantly more flies and fewer parasitoids emerged in the LC50 imidacloprid treatment versus the LC10 or controls. Parasitoid sex ratio and longevity were not affected. However, in a buried-hosts experiment, parasitoid and fly emergence were independent of treatment. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) showed lower imidacloprid residues in or on parasitoids exposed to the media in which hosts were buried. Our findings suggest that substrate may reduce pesticides on biological control agents that burrow, making them more effective.

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Acknowledgements

We thank C. Hackman, B. Heinsohn, J. Morrow, and T. Bieda for laboratory assistance, J. Miller for use of laboratory space and equipment, and C. von Ende, and N. Barber for feedback on the writing and experimental design.

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA

    Edwin R. Burgess IV, Aspen Kremer, Sherine F. Elsawa & B. H. King

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  1. Edwin R. Burgess IV
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  2. Aspen Kremer
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  3. Sherine F. Elsawa
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  4. B. H. King
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Correspondence to Edwin R. Burgess IV.

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Burgess, E.R., Kremer, A., Elsawa, S.F. et al. Sublethal effects of imidacloprid exposure on Spalangia endius, a pupal parasitoid of filth flies. BioControl 62, 53–60 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-016-9776-6

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