Abstract
Here we investigate metabolic changes, the antioxidant system and the accumulation of oxidative damage in muscles with different fiber types during the aging process in Wistar rats and try to map how sooner the changes occur. To do so, 30 male Wistar rats were submitted to behavioral evaluation to determine voluntary strength in the 11, 15, and 19 month old rats, measuring the energy metabolism, antioxidant system, oxidative damage and structure in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles. We detected structural and metabolic changes in both muscles, especially in the EDL of 15 month old rats and in the soleus of 19 month old rats. In the 15 month old rats, there was a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the fibers, and a reduction in the proportion of type I fibers, accompanied by an increase in fiber density and the amount of type IIA fibers. This change in the fiber profile was followed by an increase in the activity of anaerobic metabolism enzymes, suggesting a reduction in the oxidative capacity of the muscle. In addition, there was an increase in the rate of lipid peroxidation, accompanied by a reduced antioxidant capacity. In the 19 month old rats, these disturbances got stronger. In summary, the present study demonstrated that before functional disturbances, there was an accumulation of oxidative damage and structural changes in the skeletal muscle beginning at 15 months old in the EDL and the soleus only in the biochemical parameters. Therefore, the metabolic alterations occurred at 15 months old and not before.
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Authors thanks to Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior to Malu Cristina Araujo Montoro Lima fellowship and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) to Matheus Felipe Zazula fellowship.
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This research was funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).
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MCAML: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal Analysis and Investigation. MFZ: Methodology, Validation, Formal Analysis, Data Curation, Writing Original Draft and Writing—review and editing. LFM: Methodology, Visualization. SRC: Methodology, Visualization. ATBG: Funding acquisition, Formal analysis, Methodology. LCF: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Visualization, Writing—original draft. KN: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review and editing.
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Lima, M.C.A.M., Zazula, M.F., Martins, L.F. et al. How soon do metabolic alterations and oxidative distress precede the reduction of muscle mass and strength in Wistar rats in aging process?. Biogerontology (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-023-10078-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-023-10078-3