Abstract
A seismic fragility assessment methodology is presented for equipment-supporting reinforced concrete and steel buildings that are typically encountered in oil refineries. Using a suite of hazard-consistent ground motions and reduced-order models, incremental dynamic analysis is performed to obtain the seismic demand of the structural systems examined. Appropriate drift- and floor acceleration-sensitive failure modes are considered to define the limit state capacities of the supporting structure and the nested non-structural process equipment. Special care is exercised on the demand and capacity representation of structural and non-structural components, offering a transparent roadmap for undertaking analytical fragility assessment for equipment-supporting buildings typical to an oil refinery. The findings and the proposed methodology can be exploited by designers and facility managers for mitigating the risk of failure prior to the occurrence of an earthquake event, for designing the pertinent structures and their non-structural components by means of a risk-aware performance-based methodology, or as feed data in early warning systems.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Ms. E. Vourlakou for preparing the photorealistic images of the buildings. We also acknowledge the comments made by the two anonymous reviewers who helped us improve the overall quality of this manuscript.
Funding
This research has been co-financed by the European Union through the Horizon 2020 research and innovation programmes “INFRASTRESS–Improving resilience of sensitive industrial plants & infrastructures exposed to cyber-physical threats, by means of an open testbed stress-testing system” under Grant Agreement No. 833088, and “HYPERION–Development of a decision support system for improved resilience & sustainable reconstruction of historic areas to cope with climate change & extreme events based on novel sensors and modelling tools” under Grant Agreement No. 821054.
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Kazantzi, A.K., Karaferis, N.D., Melissianos, V.E. et al. Seismic fragility assessment of building-type structures in oil refineries. Bull Earthquake Eng 20, 6853–6876 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-022-01476-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-022-01476-y