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Response surface analysis and optimization of controlled rocking steel braced frames

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Abstract

As an alternative to conventional seismic force resisting systems, controlled rocking steel braced frames (CRSBFs) can effectively eliminate permanent structural damage after earthquakes. Together with the rocking action in the braced frame, post-tensioning (PT) elements and fuse members are used to provide self-centering and energy dissipation, respectively. This study firstly aims to assess the influence of design parameters related to the fuse and PT materials on the seismic response of CRSBFs. These factors include the yield strength, initial stiffness, and strain hardening ratio of the fuse, the initial force and modulus of elasticity of the PT strands, and the gravity load on the rocking column. Additionally, different analysis cases are considered to include the effects of frame aspect ratio and earthquake intensity level. Nonlinear response history analyses are performed with factor combinations generated using a design of experiment methodology. The second goal of the study is focused on optimizing the seismic response of CRSBFs with respect to the influential factors identified in the sensitivity analyses. Using a response surface methodology and desirability approach, multiple-response optimization is applied to determine the design variable values needed to simultaneously minimize the maximum transient and residual roof drift ratio and peak floor acceleration. Among other results, it is found that the fuse strain hardening ratio and PT strand modulus of elasticity do not significantly influence the seismic response demands in CRSBFs. The results of the multi-response optimization demonstrate that the initial PT force is most useful for minimizing all three seismic response demand parameters.

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Fig. 1

Adapted from Ma et al. (2011) and Eatherton et al. (2014b)

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Adapted from Ma et al. (2011)

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Acknowledgements

This research is supported by National Science Foundation Award No. 1554714. The financial support from the Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Science at Ryerson University provided to the first author is also acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada

    Saber Moradi

  2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 5732 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1593, USA

    Saber Moradi & Henry V. Burton

Authors
  1. Saber Moradi
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  2. Henry V. Burton
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Correspondence to Saber Moradi.

Appendix

Appendix

See Figs. 14, 15, 16 and 17.

Fig. 14
figure 14

Contour plot of desirability at optimal condition for 3d15, optimization 1

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Fig. 15
figure 15

Contour plot of desirability at optimal condition for 3d30, optimization 1

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Fig. 16
figure 16

Contour plot of desirability at optimal condition for 3m15, optimization 1

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Fig. 17
figure 17

Contour plot of desirability at optimal condition for 3m30, optimization 1

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Moradi, S., Burton, H.V. Response surface analysis and optimization of controlled rocking steel braced frames. Bull Earthquake Eng 16, 4861–4892 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-0373-1

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