Abstract
The YangBaJing Hybrid Array (YBJ-HA) is located at the Yangbajing international cosmic ray observatory, Tibet, China. It consists of 115 scintillation detectors (SDs) and 16 underground water Cherenkov muon detectors (MDA). Its main physical goal is to observe the \(\gamma \)-ray sources in the 100 TeV energy region, so the array must have very good pointing accuracy. To achieve this performance, the time response of the scintillator detectors must have high consistency. This paper introduces a characteristic plane method (offline calibration method) to calibrate the time of each scintillator detector and uses the moon shadow analysis results to test the time calibration accuracy.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
Data will be made available on reasonable request.
Code Availability
Not applicable.
References
Aharonian, F.A.: Very High Energy Cosmic Gamma Radiation: A Crucial Window on the Extreme Universe pp. 354–359. World Scientific, Singapore (2004). https://doi.org/10.1142/4657
Amenomori, M., et al.: Future plan for observation of cosmic gamma rays in the 100 TeV energy region with the Tibet air shower array: simulation and sensitivity (2007). ArXiv preprint arXiv:0710.2752. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.0710.2757
Amenomori, M., et al.: Multi-TeV gamma-ray flares from Markarian 421 in 2000 and 2001 observed with the Tibet air shower array. Astrophys. J. 598(1), 242 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6038-z
Amenomori, M., et al.: A northern sky survey for steady tera–electron volt gamma-ray point sources using the Tibet air shower array. Astrophys. J. 633, 1005–1012 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1086/491612
Auger, P., et al.: Grandes gerbes cosmiques atmosphériques contenant des corpuscules ultra-pénétrantes. C. R. Acad. Sci. 206, 1721–1723 (1938). http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3158p/f1721
Auger, P., et al.: Extensive cosmic-ray showers. Rev. Mod. Phys. 11, 3–4 (1939). https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.11.288
Clark, G.W.: Arrival directions of cosmic-ray air showers from the northern sky. Phys. Rev. 108(2), 450 (1957). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.108.450
Gao, Q., et al.: Calibration of \(\gamma \)-ray energy in an extensive air shower using the YangBaJing Hybrid Array. Exp. Astron. 52, 35–43 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-021-09780-2
He, H.-H., et al.: Detector time offset and off-line calibration in EAS experiments. Astropart. Phys. 27, 528–532 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2007.03.004
Horras, M.: The walkcorrection in a nuclear physical experiment. Semester project, Universität Basel (2006). https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:221856965
Kawata, K.: Study of TeV gamma-ray emission mechanism on the blazar Markarian 421 with the Tibet air-shower array[D].[S.l.], Konan University (2004)
Liu, C., et al.: Performance of the muon detector A under TIBET III array. Chin. Phys. C 37, 026001 (2013). http://hepnp.ihep.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.1088/1674-1137/37/2/026001
Wang, Z., et al.: Performance of a scintillation detector array operated with LHAASO-KM2A electronics. Exp. Astron. 45, 363–377 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-018-9588-z
Zhang, Y., et al.: New prototype scintillator detector for the Tibet AS \(\gamma \) experiment. J. Instrum. 12, 11011 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/12/11/P11011
Funding
This work was supported by the Central Government Funds for Local Scientific and Technological Development (Grant No. JDRC2023000009), the Reformation and Development Funds for the Local Region Universities from the Chinese Government in 2023(Grant Nos.00061082,00060858, and 00060867-01), and Tibet University Postgraduate Students’ High-Level Talent Training Plan Project (No.2021-GSP-S037).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Shao-Zhang Zhao and You-Liang Feng contributed to data analysis. Qi Gao and Tian-Lu Chen contributed to data analysis and detector installation.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Zhao, S., Chen, T., Gao, Q. et al. Study on the time calibration method of the YangBaJing Hybrid Array. Astrophys Space Sci 369, 36 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-024-04299-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-024-04299-2