Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the growth response of G4 transgenic mutiara catfish reared at different stocking densities. The relative expression ratio levels of CgGH/ß-actin and IGF-1/ß-actin mRNA was measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-P CR) in G4 mutiara catfish. Fish were kept for 8 weeks at different stocking densities (treatment A, 15 fish/100 L; B, 12 fish/100 L; C, 10 fish/100 L for transgenic fish; and A*, 15 fish/100 L for non-transgenic fish). The average increase in body weight of G4 mutiara catfish was 1.9–2.3 times higher compared to non-transgenic mutiara catfish at the same stocking densities. The growth response indicates an overexpression of the growth hormone (GH) in G4 mutiara catfish, displaying expression levels 1.3–2.9 higher than in non-transgenic fish. The use of high stocking density (treatment A, 15 fish/100 L) induced overexpression of the exogenous GH (CgGH) and increased the body protein content, as well as improved the feed conversion ratio, protein retention value, and fish protein efficiency ratio, leading to faster body weight gain of G4 transgenic versus non-transgenic mutiara catfish. The growth of G4 catfish in treatments B and C remained higher than in treatment A* (non-transgenic fish), but the growth of non-transgenic catfish was slower. The induction of the CgGH expression level caused an increase in the growth, protein retention, protein efficiency ratio, and IGF-1 expression level of G4 transgenic mutiara catfish. The permanent inheritance of CgGH in G4 fish has the potential to increase the mass production of commercial catfish culture.
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We would like to confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome. We confirm that the manuscript has been read and approved by all named authors and that there are no other persons who satisfied the criteria for authorship but are not listed. We further confirm that the order of authors listed in the manuscript has been approved by all of us.
Abbreviations
- CgGH :
-
Clarias gariepinus growth hormone
- FCR :
-
Feed conversion ratio
- GH :
-
Growth hormone
- HSP70:
-
Heat shock protein 70
- opAFP-ccGH:
-
Ocean pout antifreeze protein channel catfish GH cDNA
- opAFP-GHc2:
-
Ocean pout antifreeze protein Chinook salmon GH cDNA
- pAct-MELO:
-
Plasmid medaka ß-actin promoter masu salmon elongase gene
- pCAgcGH:
-
Plasmid Carp actin grass carp growth hormone
- pCMV-CgGH :
-
Plasmid Cytomegalovirus Clarias gariepinus growth hormone
- pCMV-luc:
-
Plasmid Cytomegalovirus Luciferase mammalian expression reporter vector
- PER:
-
Protein efficiency ratio
- PR:
-
Protein retention
- qRT-PCR:
-
Quantitative real-time PCR
- RT-PCR:
-
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- sqRT-PCR:
-
Semiquantitative real-time PCR
- T4:
-
Thyroxine hormone
- TAE:
-
Tris base, acetate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- TCA:
-
Tricarboxylic acid cycle
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Directorate General of Research and Development, Directorate of Research and Community Service, and the Directorate of Research and Community Service of the University of Padjadjaran for support of research costs through the DIPA BLU (2203/UN6.3.1/PT.00/2022). The author is also grateful to thank the research team for technical support during the research work. Thanks to Mr. Saefudin and Mr. Feri Ferdiana for their help in the rearing of the fish and the collecting of research data.
Funding
This work was supported by a grant from the Directorate of Research and Community Service of Universitas Padjadjaran for the research costs through the Internal Research Grant of Universitas Padjadjaran Number: 2203/UN6.3.1/PT.00/2022.
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Ibnu Dwi Buwono (IDB) and Iskandar Iskandar (II) conducted the fish trial, reared fish, collected data, and statistical analysis; Ibnu Dwi Buwono (IDB) and Roffi Grandiosa (RG) analyzed and interpreted data and wrote the manuscript. The design of the study and data analysis and manuscript formatting involved all authors. All authors also critically reviewed the manuscript for intellectual content and gave final approval for the manuscript to be published.
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Buwono, I.D., Iskandar, I. & Grandiosa, R. CgGH and IGF-1 expression level and growth response of G4 transgenic mutiara strain catfish (Clarias gariepinus) reared at different stocking densities. Aquacult Int 31, 827–846 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-022-01002-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-022-01002-6