Abstract
This study evaluated the suitability of five diatom species (Amphora sp., Cocconeis sp., Navicula ramosissima, Nitzschia sp., and Tryblionella sp.) as food to abalone Haliotis asinina early juveniles (5-mm shell length). Grazing periodicity, grazing rate, and feeding preference were measured; at the same time, abalone gut content was examined. Grazing incidence appeared to be continuous with significantly higher grazing intensity observed at nighttime from 6 p.m. to 10 p.m. (79%) than at daytime from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. (40%) (p < 0.05). Grazing rates from 6 p.m. to 10 p.m. were significantly higher on N. ramosissima (1.6 × 105) among diatom species but was not statistically different from Cocconeis sp. (1.1 × 105) (p > 0.05). Broken cells of Amphora sp. (22%) were significantly higher in the gut of H. asinina compared to Cocconeis sp. (2.8%), N. ramosissima, (1.8%), and Tryblionella sp. (0.2%) although the abundance of Nitzschia sp. (6%) was not significantly different from Amphora sp. (p > 0.05). Early juveniles showed significant preference for Cocconeis sp. (18.6%), followed by Nitzschia sp. (16.2%), N. ramosissima (13.9%), and Amphora sp. (13.4%), with the least preference for Tryblionella sp. (7.8%). Survival of H. asinina was similar in 4 diatom species (46–71%) except in Tryblionella sp. (8–12%). These findings suggest that diatom species Cocconeis sp., Nitzschia sp., Amphora sp., and N. ramosissima are the suitable live food for H. asinina early juveniles. Knowledge from this study would contribute to the development of a feeding protocol that would maximize production of H. asinina early juveniles in the hatchery.
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The data generated from this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Mr. Vicente Balinas for the review of the statistical analysis of our data; Dr. Josefa Tan-Fermin, Dr. Evelyn Grace Ayson, and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments; and Mary Anne Mandario for the review and editing of our final manuscript. Special thanks are given to the phycology laboratory staff (Jilla Alcalde-Tornalejo, Ellen Grace Ledesma, Loina Henzel Delgado-Maquilan), the abalone hatchery staffs (Nestor Bayona and Rafael Barrido), and my trainee PJ Sajol for their invaluable assistance.
Funding
The Department of Science and Technology—Philippine Council for Agriculture and the Natural Resources Research and Development funded this study under the National Abalone Program of the Philippines, project on refinement of hatchery technology for the donkey’s ear abalone (Study code: NR04-M2009T), with the Aquaculture Department of the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development (SEAFDEC/AQD) as implementing agency.
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All authors (AVF, MRDP, and MFJN) contributed to the study conception, design, and writing of the draft and final manuscript. MRDP is the overall project leader and funding manager. AVF prepared the materials, performed the experiments and data collection, and analyzed the data. All the authors approved the final manuscript.
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Villa-Franco, A.U., dela Peña, M.R. & Nievales, M.F.J. Grazing periodicity, grazing rate, feeding preference, and gut examination of early juveniles of abalone Haliotis asinina–fed five benthic diatom species. Aquacult Int 30, 2343–2364 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-022-00906-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-022-00906-7