Abstract
Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is one of the most important Neotropical freshwater fish species produced by aquaculture in South America. This study is the first attempt to inquire about aquaculture stocks in Argentina regarding genetic diversity and structure. Neither genetic characterization nor pedigree records are available for pacu stocks in farms in Argentina. The presence of hybrids in both natural environment (Lower Paraná River) and farms has not been evaluated yet at the southern region of pacu distribution. Genetic characterization of pacu broodstocks, corresponding to 8 farms, and wild individuals from four areas at Lower Paraná River was performed. Pacu hybrids were not detected neither in wild nor in farm stocks analyzed. In general, similar levels of genetic diversity were observed between cultured and wild fish populations. Global genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.055) indicated a low level of structure and AMOVA showed that genetic variation was mostly within populations. Reduced contemporary effective population size (Ne) was observed, and probably reflects the bottleneck by founder effect in farmed fish populations. Moreover, kinship analysis showed that in fish farms, on average, 43.00% of the individuals were genetically related, whereas in wild population it was 36.40%. We recommend that broodstock management practices, such as using large Ne, single pair mating, precise records, and tagging of brood fish, should be implemented to avoid unintentional mismanagement.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Argentinian aquaculture farms and sport fishermen for their kind donation of samples. FdP is a postdoctoral fellow, and SS, AAS, and GVV are members of the Research Career from the National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET) from Argentina.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Agency for the Promotion of Science and technology from Argentina (ANPCyT) and the Government of Santa Fe state (grant numbers: PID 020-2013 and PICT 0510-2011).
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GVV, SA, and FdP conceived the study; FdP, SS, and VP conducted the experiments; FdP, AS, and GVV analyzed the data; and FdP, SA, and GVV wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version.
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This study was conducted in strict accordance with the recommendations of the Animal Ethical Committee at Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas-Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Protocol approval has been received (protocol no. 302/2013).
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del Pazo, F., Sánchez, S., Posner, V. et al. Genetic diversity and structure of the commercially important native fish pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) from cultured and wild fish populations: relevance for broodstock management. Aquacult Int 29, 289–305 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-020-00626-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-020-00626-w