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Transcription of defense related genes in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, kept in biofloc and in clear seawater and challenged with the white spot syndrome virus

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Abstract

Shrimp farming in biofloc technology system (BFT) has been considered a sustainable alternative to conventional production, reducing environmental impacts due to zero water exchange. Besides increasing productivity, as microorganisms represent additional feed for shrimp, BTF may prevent diseases. White spot disease is the most devastating viral disease of farmed shrimp, causing large socio-economic impacts. Our aim was to compare survival rates and transcription profiles of target genes in different tissues of juvenile specimens of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, reared either in BFT or in clear seawater (CSW), after challenging with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Shrimp survival rate was higher among animals kept in CSW, which also presented a lower viral load after 48 h post-infection (p.i.). We could also address possible individual patterns in the sole survivor at 72 h p.i. in biofloc, probably a less vulnerable shrimp to WSSV. There was no significant difference regarding the transcription profile of target genes between systems before WSSV infection; gene transcription was apparently modulated by WSSV infection. Changes in gene profile were more frequently observed in the hepatopancreas. Out of the eleven selected target genes, those coding for Calreticulin, β-tubulin, and Prophenoloxidase showed the most significant upregulation, followed by QM, SOD, and Ubiquitin. Although BFT is considered more biosecure, shrimp kept in this system are not immune to disease, especially against highly virulent pathogens, such as WSSV.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Laboratory of Marine Shrimp–LCM (Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil) and staff members for providing shrimp used in this study, as well as the biofloc.

Funding

This research was funded by the National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq), Brazil, under the grant number Proc.no. 407211/2012-8 to MRFM. KOO was recipient of a PIBIC/CNPq undergraduate student scholarship. CSV was recipient of a CAPES scholarship from the Aquaculture Graduate Program at UFSC. FNV and MRFM are recipients of a CNPq productivity research grant.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil

    Cecília de Souza Valente, Karla Oliveira Ortiz, Ana Paula de Medeiros Fraga & Maria Risoleta Freire Marques

  2. Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, 88034-001, Brazil

    Cecília de Souza Valente

  3. MHIRT Program / NIH, Christian Brothers University, Memphis, TN, USA

    Rachel Depperschmidt

  4. Laboratory of Marine Shrimp, Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil

    Felipe do Nascimento Vieira

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  1. Cecília de Souza Valente
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  2. Karla Oliveira Ortiz
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  3. Rachel Depperschmidt
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  4. Ana Paula de Medeiros Fraga
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  5. Felipe do Nascimento Vieira
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  6. Maria Risoleta Freire Marques
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Correspondence to Cecília de Souza Valente.

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de Souza Valente, C., Oliveira Ortiz, K., Depperschmidt, R. et al. Transcription of defense related genes in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, kept in biofloc and in clear seawater and challenged with the white spot syndrome virus. Aquacult Int 28, 293–307 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-019-00461-8

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