Abstract
This work had the objectives to (1) evaluate the susceptibility of various Rhipicephalus microplus populations to commercial acaricides, and (2) select commercial acaricides (50–80% effective) and evaluate the effects of binary combinations of the phenylpropanoid (E)-cinnamaldehyde with selected commercial acaricides to control R. microplus under laboratory and field conditions. Using adult immersion tests with 116 populations and 14 commercial acaricides, products showing 50–80% effectiveness (percent control) with the lowest number of active ingredients were selected. Acaricides containing amitraz or chlorfenvinphos were tested in combination with (E)-cinnamaldehyde on a field population (strain CM). We found that (E)-cinnamaldehyde enhanced the activity of both commercial acaricides against R. microplus larvae; however, the enhancement was more accentuated when using amitraz. Experiments combining (E)-cinnamaldehyde + amitraz on unfed larvae and engorged females from another population (strain Gyn) were performed, verifying (E)-cinnamaldehyde enhanced the activity of amitraz. In the field experiment, the application of (E)-cinnamaldehyde appeared toxic to the tick hosts (cattle). We concluded that (E)-cinnamaldehyde enhanced the activity of amitraz against unfed larvae and engorged females of R. microplus; however, in the field test this phenylpropanoid caused intoxication in the cattle. Studies searching for new combinations of compounds from essential oils with amitraz deserve attention, as well as studies to develop formulations using amitraz + (E)-cinnamaldehyde that will be efficient and will not have toxic effects in cattle.
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This work was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico Tecnológico/CNPq (n° grant 317482/2021-1) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior/CAPES - financial code 001, Brazil.
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Bruno César Ferreira Gonzaga: Responsible for conducting the study (experiments and writing), during the development of the doctoral Thesis; Nélio Roberto de Moraes: Participation in tests under laboratory conditions; Gabriel Webert Gomes: Participation in tests under laboratory conditions; Ana Lúcia Coutinho: Participation in tests under laboratory conditions; Letícia Vale: Participation in tests under laboratory conditions; Lainny Jordana Pereira Sousa: Participation in tests under laboratory conditions; Laís Marreto: Participation in tests under laboratory conditions; Daniel de Castro Rodrigues: Participation in tests under laboratory conditions; Márcia Cristina de Azevedo Prata: Embrapa’s tick resistance tests; Paula Marchesini: Participation in the study design, test in laboratory conditions and text review; Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes: Participation in the study design, field test and text review; Caio Monteiro: Study supervisor. Participation in the study design and text review.
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Gonzaga, B.C.F., de Moraes, N.R., Gomes, G.W. et al. Combination of synthetic acaricides with (E)-cinnamaldehyde to control Rhipicephalus microplus. Exp Appl Acarol 88, 191–207 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-022-00743-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-022-00743-6