Abstract
Piezoelectric semiconductors (PSs) possess both semiconducting properties and piezoelectric coupling effects, making them optimal building blocks for semiconductor devices. PS fiber-like structures have wide applications in multi-functional semiconductor devices. In this paper, a one-dimensional (1D) theoretical model is established to describe the piezotronic responses of a PS fiber under gradient temperature changes. The theoretical model aims to explain the mechanism behind the resistance change caused by such gradient temperature changes. Numerical results demonstrate that a gradient temperature change significantly affects the physical fields within the PS fiber, and can induce changes in its surface resistance. It provides important theoretical guidance on the development of piezotronic devices that are sensitive to temperature effects.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
WANG, Z. L., WU, W., and FALCONI, C. Piezotronics and piezo-phototronics with third-generation semiconductors. MRS Bulletin, 43(12), 922–927 (2018)
ZHANG, Y., LENG, Y., WILLATZEN, M., and HUANG, B. Theory of piezotronics and piezophototronics. MRS Bulletin, 43(12), 928–935 (2018)
HE, J. H., HSIN, C. L., LIU, J., CHEN, L. J., and WANG, Z. L. Piezoelectric gated diode of a single ZnO nanowire. Advanced Materials, 19(6), 781–784 (2007)
YANG, Q., WANG, W., XU, S., and WANG, Z. L. Enhancing light emission of ZnO microwire-based diodes by piezo-phototronic effect. Nano Letters, 11(9), 4012–4017 (2011)
YANG, Q., GUO, X., WANG, W., ZHANG, Y., XU, S., LIEN, D. H., and WANG, Z. L. Enhancing sensitivity of a single ZnO micro-/nanowire photodetector by piezo-phototronic effect. ACS Nano, 4(10), 6285–6291 (2010)
WANG, C., BAO, R., ZHAO, K., ZHANG, T., DONG, L., and PAN, C. Enhanced emission intensity of vertical aligned flexible ZnO nanowire/p-polymer hybridized LED array by piezophototronic effect. Nano Energy, 14, 364–371 (2015)
WANG, X., PENG, W., YU, R., ZOU, H., DAI, Y., ZI, Y., WU, C., LI, S., and WANG, Z. L. Simultaneously enhancing light emission and suppressing efficiency droop in GaN microwire-based ultraviolet light-emitting diode by the piezo-phototronic effect. Nano Letters, 17(6), 3718–3724 (2017)
ZHU, L., WANG, L., XUE, F., CHEN, L., FU, J., FENG, X., LI, T., and WANG, Z. L. Piezophototronic effect enhanced flexible solar cells based on n-ZnO/p-SnS core-shell nanowire array. Advanced Science, 4(1), 1600185 (2017)
PAN, C., NIU, S., DING, Y., DONG, L., YU, R., LIU, Y., ZHU, G., and WANG, Z. L. Enhanced Cu2S/CdS coaxial nanowire solar cells by piezo-phototronic effect. Nano Letters, 12(6), 3302–3307 (2012)
ZHU, L., ZHANG, Y., LIN, P., WANG, Y., YANG, L., CHEN, L., WANG, L., CHEN, B., and WANG, Z. L. Piezotronic effect on Rashba spin-orbit coupling in a ZnO/P3HT nanowire array structure. ACS Nano, 12(2), 1811–1820 (2018)
WANG, L., LIU, S., GAO, G., PANG, Y., YIN, X., FENG, X., ZHU, L., BAI, Y., CHEN, L., XIAO, T., WANG, X., QIN, Y., and WANG, Z. L. Ultrathin piezotronic transistors with 2nm channel lengths. ACS Nano, 12(5), 4903–4908 (2018)
WANG, L., LIU, S., ZHANG, Z., FENG, X., ZHU, L., GUO, H., DING, W., CHEN, L., QIN, Y., and WANG, Z. L. 2D piezotronics in atomically thin zinc oxide sheets: interfacing gating and channel width gating. Nano Energy, 60, 724–733 (2019)
QU, Y. L., PAN, E., ZHU, F., and ROY, A. K. Modeling thermoelectric effects in piezoelectric semiconductors: new fully coupled mechanisms for mechanically manipulated heat flux and refrigeration. International Journal of Engineering Science, 180, 103775 (2023)
WANG, Z. L. Nanopiezotronics. Advanced Materials, 19(6), 889–892 (2007)
WANG, Z. L. Piezopotential gated nanowire devices: piezotronics and piezo-phototronics. Nano Today, 5(6), 540–552 (2010)
LIU, Y., ZHANG, Y., YANG, Q., NIU, S., and WANG, Z. L. Fundamental theories of piezotronics and piezo-phototronics. Nano Energy, 14, 257–275 (2015)
WANG, X., ZHOU, J., SONG, J., LIU, J., XU, N., and WANG, Z. L. Piezoelectric field effect transistor and nanoforce sensor based on a single ZnO nanowire. Nano Letters, 6(12), 2768–2772 (2006)
ZHANG, C. L., WANG, X. Y., CHEN, W. Q., and YANG, J. S. Propagation of extensional waves in a piezoelectric semiconductor rod. AIP Advances, 6(4), 045301 (2016)
KONG, D., CHENG, R., ZHANG, C., and ZHANG, C. Dynamic manipulation of piezotronic behaviors of composite multiferroic semiconductors through time-dependent magnetic field. Journal of Applied Physics, 128(6), 064503 (2020)
SLADEK, J., SLADEK, V., PAN, E., and WÜNSCHE, M. Fracture analysis in piezoelectric semiconductors under a thermal load. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 126, 27–39 (2014)
SLADEK, J., SLADEK, V., PAN, E., and YOUNG, D. Dynamic anti-plane crack analysis in functional graded piezoelectric semiconductor crystals. Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, 99, 273–296 (2014)
ZHAO, M., PAN, Y., FAN, C., and XU, G. Extended displacement discontinuity method for analysis of cracks in 2D piezoelectric semiconductors. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 94–95, 50–59 (2016)
FAN, C., YAN, Y., XU, G., and ZHAO, M. Piezoelectric-conductor iterative method for analysis of cracks in piezoelectric semiconductors via the finite element method. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 165, 183–196 (2016)
ARANEO, R., LOVAT, G., BURGHIGNOLI, P., and FALCONI, C. Piezo-semiconductive quasi-1D nanodevices with or without anti-symmetry. Advanced Materials, 24(34), 4719–4724 (2012)
ZHANG, C., WANG, X., CHEN, W., and YANG, J. An analysis of the extension of a ZnO piezoelectric semiconductor nanofiber under an axial force. Smart Materials and Structures, 26(2), 25030 (2017)
GAO, Y. and WANG, Z. L. Electrostatic potential in a bent piezoelectric nanowire: the fundamental theory of nanogenerator and nanopiezotronics. Nano Letters, 7(8), 2499–2505 (2007)
LIANG, Y., YANG, W., and YANG, J. Transient bending vibration of a piezoelectric semiconductor nanofiber under a suddenly applied shear force. Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, 32(6), 688–697 (2019)
YANG, W., HU, Y., and PAN, E. N. Electronic band energy of a bent ZnO piezoelectric semiconductor nanowire. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (English Edition), 41(6), 833–844 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10483-020-2619-7
FAN, S., LIANG, Y., XIE, J., and HU, Y. Exact solutions to the electromechanical quantities inside a statically-bent circular ZnO nanowire by taking into account both the piezoelectric property and the semiconducting performance, part I: linearized analysis. Nano Energy, 40, 82–87 (2017)
LUO, Y., ZHANG, C., CHEN, W., and YANG, J. An analysis of PN junctions in piezoelectric semiconductors. Journal of Applied Physics, 122(20), 204502 (2017)
CHENG, R., ZHANG, C., CHEN, W., and YANG, J. Piezotronic effects in the extension of a composite fiber of piezoelectric dielectrics and nonpiezoelectric semiconductors. Journal of Applied Physics, 124(6), 064506 (2018)
LUO, Y., ZHANG, C., CHEN, W., and YANG, J. Piezopotential in a bended composite fiber made of a semiconductive core and of two piezoelectric layers with opposite polarities. Nano Energy, 54, 341–348 (2018)
CAO, X., NIU, W., CHENG, Z., and SHI, J. Power series iterative approximation solution to the temperature field in thermoelectric generators made of a functionally graded temperature-dependent material. Journal of Electronic Materials, 49(9), 5379–5390 (2020)
QU, Y., JIN, F., and YANG, J. Temperature effects on mobile charges in thermopiezoelectric semiconductor plates. International Journal of Applied Mechanics, 13(3), 2150037 (2021)
CHENG, R., ZHANG, C., and YANG, J. Thermally induced carrier distribution in a piezoelectric semiconductor fiber. Journal of Electronic Materials, 48(8), 4939–4946 (2019)
CHENG, R., ZHANG, C., CHEN, W., and YANG, J. Electrical behaviors of a piezoelectric semiconductor fiber under a local temperature change. Nano Energy, 66, 104081 (2019)
CHENG, R., ZHANG, C., CHEN, W., and YANG, J. Temperature effects on PN junctions in piezoelectric semiconductor fibers with thermoelastic and pyroelectric couplings. Journal of Electronic Materials, 49(5), 3140–3148 (2020)
GUO, M., LU, C., QIN, G., and ZHAO, M. Temperature gradient-dominated electrical behaviours in a piezoelectric PN junction. Journal of Electronic Materials, 50(3), 947–953 (2021)
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Scientific Research Found of Zhejiang University (No. XY2023035).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 12172326 and 11972319), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2020YFA0711700), and the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China (No. LR21A020002)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, S., Cheng, R., Ma, N. et al. Analysis of piezoelectric semiconductor fibers under gradient temperature changes. Appl. Math. Mech.-Engl. Ed. 45, 311–320 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10483-024-3085-8
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10483-024-3085-8
Key words
- piezoelectric semiconductor (PS) fiber
- one-dimensional (1D) model
- piezotronic effect
- gradient temperature change