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Novel metabolites from Bacillus safensis and their antifungal property against Alternaria alternata

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Abstract

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria offer an effective and eco-sustainable solution to protect crops against phytopathogens. In the present study, Bacillus safensis STJP (NAIMCC-B-02323) from the rhizospheric soil of Stevia rebaudiana showed strong biocontrol activity against phytopathogen, Alternaria alternata. B. safensis STJP produced antifungal volatile organic compounds (AVOC). In the presence of AVOC, there was no conidia germination, mycelium growth was inhibited, and hyphae ruptured as observed by scanning electron microscopy. When mycelium of the fungus from bacterial treated plate was transferred into fresh potato dextrose agar plate, A. alternata could not grow. Extracted AVOC from B. safensis STJP were identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier-transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and gas-chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In total 25 bacterial metabolites were identified by GC–MS analysis having alcohol, alkane, phenol, alkyl halide and aromatic compounds. Five of these (phenol, 2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl)-, 3-hexadecanol, pyrrolo(1,2-a)pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl)-, 5,10-diethoxy-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-1H,6H-dipyrrolo(1,2-a:1′,2′-d)pyrazine and hexadecanoic acid) inhibited the mycelium growth, controlling spore formation and conidia germination of A. alternata. This study concluded that AVOC producing B. safensis can be used as a green-fungicide against A. alternata. Bacterial metabolites could pave the way for the development of next generation biopesticides. This can be a reliable technology to enhance the quality and reliability of biopesticides.

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Data availability statement

The data related to the gene sequence and identification of the bacterial strain Bacillus safensis STJP (NAIMCC-B-02323) is available at GenBank, NCBI with Accession Number: KX372540.1. The data related to identification of the bacterium is available at National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms Culture Collection (NAIMCC, an international culture collection centre approved by IDA). The bacterium has been deposited at NAIMCC with accession number NAIMCC-B-02323.The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are grateful to the Vice Chancellor and University Sophisticated Instrumentation Centre (USIC), BBA University for providing SEM and FT-IR facilities. Authors also acknowledge support of Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India for GC-MS analysis.

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This research did not receive any financial support from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Microbiology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India

    Jai Prakash

  2. Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India

    Naveen Kumar Arora

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Conceptualization NKA; methodology, resources and writing-original draft preparation JP, NKA review and editing, and supervision. All authors have read and agreed to the publishing of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Naveen Kumar Arora.

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Prakash, J., Arora, N.K. Novel metabolites from Bacillus safensis and their antifungal property against Alternaria alternata. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 114, 1245–1258 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-021-01598-4

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