Abstract
As in the work of Tartar [59], we develop here some new results on nonlinear interpolation of α-Hölderian mappings between normed spaces, by studying the action of the mappings on K-functionals and between interpolation spaces with logarithm functions. We apply these results to obtain some regularity results on the gradient of the solutions to quasilinear equations of the form
where V is a nonlinear potential and f belongs to non-standard spaces like Lorentz–Zygmund spaces. We show several results; for instance, that the mapping \(\cal{T}:\cal{T}f=\nabla u\) is locally or globally α-Hölderian under suitable values of α and appropriate hypotheses on V and â.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
I. Ahmed, A. Fiorenza and A. Hafeez, Some interpolation formulae for grand and small Lorentz spaces, Mediterr. J. Math., 17 (2020), Article 57, 21 pp.
I. Ahmed, A. Fiorenza, M. R. Formica, A. Gogatishvili and J. M. Rakotoson, Some new results related to Lorentz GΓ spaces and interpolation, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 483 (2020), 123623, 24 pp.
A. Alberico, G. di Blasio and F. Feo, Estimates for fully anisotropic elliptic equations with a zero order term, Nonlinear Anal., 181 (2019), 249–264.
A. Alberico, I. Chlebicka, A. Cianchi and A. Zatorska-Goldstein, Fully anisotropic elliptic problems with minimally integrable data, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 58 (2019), Paper No. 186, 50 pp.
C. Bennett and K. Rudnick, On Lorentz–Zygmund spaces, Dissertationes Math. (Rozprawy Mat.), 175 (1980), 67 pp.
C. Bennett and R. Sharpley, Interpolation of Operators, Academic Press (Boston, 1988).
P. Benilan, L. Boccardo, T. Gallouët, R. Gariepy, M. Pierre and J. L. Vazquez, An L1-theory of existence and uniqueness of solutions of nonlinear elliptic equations, Ann. Scuola Norm. Sup. Pisa Cl. Sci., 22 (1995), 241–274.
J. Bergh, J. Löfström, Interpolation Spaces. An Introduction, Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften, No. 223, Springer-Verlag (Berlin–New York, 1976).
D. Blanchard and F. Murat, Renormalised solutions of nonlinear parabolic problems with L1 data: existence and uniqueness, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A, 127 (1997), 1137–1152.
L. Boccardo, D. Giachetti J. I. Diaz and F. Murat, Existence of a solution for a weaker form of nonlinear elliptic equation, in: Recent Advances in Nonlinear Elliptic and Parabolic Problems (Nancy, 1988), Pitman Res. Notes Math. Ser., vol. 208, Longman Sci. Tech. (Harlow, 1989), pp. 229–246.
M. Bendhmane and P. Whittbold, Renormalized solutions of nonlinear elliptic equations with variable exponents and L1 data Nonlinear Anal. Theory Methods Appl., 70 (2009), 567–583.
Y. A. Brudnyĭ and N. Y. Krugljak, Interpolation Functors and Interpolations Spaces, vol. I, North-Holland (Amsterdam, 1991).
J. Carillo and P. Wittbold, Uniqueness of renormalized solutions of degenerate elliptic-parabolic problems, J. Differential Equations, 156 (1999), 93–121.
A. Cianchi and V. Maz’ya, Global boundedness of the gradient of a class of nonlinear elliptic systems, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 212 (2014), 129–177.
A. Cianchi and V. Maz’ya, Gradient regularity via rearrangements for p-Laplacian type elliptic boundary value problems, J. Eur. Math. Soc., 16 (2014), 571–595.
D. Cruz-Uribe and A. Fiorenza, Variable Lebesgue Spaces. Foundations and Harmonic Analysis, Springer–Birkhäauser (Basel, 2013).
J. I. Díaz, Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations and Free Boundaries. Vol. 1. Elliptic Equations, Res. Notes in Math., vol. 106, Pitman (Boston, MA, 1985).
J. I. Díaz, D. Gómez, J. M. Rakotoson and R. Temam, Linear diffusion with singular absorption potential and/or unbounded convective flow: The weighted space approach, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 38 (2018), 509–546.
L. Diening, P. Harjulehto, P. Hästö and M. Ruzicka, Lebesgue and Sobolev Spaces with Variable Exponents, Springer (Berlin, 2017).
G. Di Fratta and A. Fiorenza, A unified divergent approach to Hardy–Poincarein-equalities in classical and variable Sobolev spaces, J. Funct. Anal., 283 (2022), Paper No. 109552, 21 pp.
R. Diperna and P. L. Lions, On the Cauchy problem for the Boltzmann equation, global existence and weak stability, Ann. of Math., 130 (1989), 321–366.
A. El Hamidi and J. M. Rakotoson, Compactness and quasilinear problems with critical exponents, Differ. Integral Equ., 18 (2005), 1201–1220.
W. D. Evans, B. Opic and L. Pick, Real interpolation with logarithmic functors, J. Inequal. Appl., 7 (2002), 187–269.
A. Ferone, M. A. Jalal, J. M. Rakotoson and R. Volpicelli, Some refinements of the Hodge decomposition and application to Neumann problems and uniqueness Adv. Math. Sci. Appl., 11 (2001), 17–37.
V. Ferone and F. Murat, Nonlinear elliptic equations with natural growth in the gradient and source terms in Lorentz spaces J. J. Differential Equations, 256 (2014), 577–608.
V. Ferone, M. R. Posteraro and J. M. Rakotoson, L∞-estimates for nonlinear elliptic problems with p-growth in the gradient, J. Inequal. Appl., 3 (1999), 109–125.
A. Fiorenza, M. R. Formica, A. Gogatishvili, K. Kopaliani and J. M. Rakotoson, Characterization of interpolation between grand, small or classical Lebesgue spaces, Nonlinear Anal., 177 (2018), 422–453.
A. Fiorenza, A. Gogatishvili, A. Nekvinda and J. M. Rakotoson, Remarks on compactness results for variable exponent spaces Lp(·), J. Math. Pures Appl., 157 (2022), 136–144.
A. Fiorenza, M. R. Formica and J. M. Rakotoson, Pointwise estimates for GΓ-functions and applications, Differential Integral Equations, 30 (2017), 809–824.
A. Fiorenza and J. M. Rakotoson, Compactness, interpolation inequalities for small Lebesgue-Sobolev spaces and their applications, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 25 (2005), 187–203.
A. Fiorenza and C. Sbordone, Existence and uniqueness results for solutions of nonlinear equations with right-hand side in L1, Studia Math., 127 (1998), 223–231.
I. Fragalà, F. Gazzola and B. Kawohl, Existence and nonexistence results for anisotropic quasilinear elliptic equations, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré C Anal. Non Linéaire, 21 (2004) 715–731.
D. Gilbarg and N-S. Trudinger, Elliptic Partial Differential Equations of Second Order, Springer-Verlag (Berlin, 1983).
A. Gogatishvili, B. Opic and W. Trebels, Limiting reiteration for real interpolation with slowly varying functions, Math. Nachr., 278 (2005), 86–107.
N. Grenon, F. Murat and A. Porretta, A priori estimates and existence for elliptic equations with gradient dependent terms Ann. Sci. Norm. Super. Pisa Cl. Sci. (5), 13 (2014), 137–205.
A. Kufner, Weighted Sobolev Spaces, Wiley (New York, 1985).
J. L. Lions, Quelques Méthodes de Résolution des Problèmes aux Limites Non Linéaires, Dunod et Gauthier-Villars (Paris, 1969).
W. B. Liu and J. W. Barett, Finite element approximation of the some degenerate monotone quasilinear elliptic systems, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 33 (1996), 88–106.
L. Maligranda, Interpolation of locally Hölder operators, Studia Math., 78 (1984), 289–296.
L. Maligranda, On interpolation of nonlinear operators, Comment. Math. Prace Mat., 28 (1989), 253–275.
L. Maligranda, A Bibliography on “Interpolation of Operators and Applications” (1926–1990), Högskolan i Luleå(Luleå, 1990).
L. Maligranda, L.-E. Persson and J. Wyller, Interpolation and partial differential equations, J. Math. Phys., 35 (1994), 5035–5046.
A. Miranville, A. Pietrus and J. M. Rakotoson, Equivalence of formulations and uniqueness in a T-set for quasilinear equations with measures as data, Nonlinear Anal., 46 (2001), 609–627.
J. Peetre, Interpolation of Lipschitz operators and metric spaces, Mathematica (Cluj), 12 (1970), 325–334.
J. Peetre, A Theory of Interpolation of Normed Spaces, Notas Mat., No. 39, Instituto de Matemática Pura e Aplicada, Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas (Rio de Janeiro, 1968).
J. Peetre, A new approach in interpolation spaces, Studia Math., 34 (1970), 23–42.
J. M. Rakotoson, Réarrangement relatif, Un instrument d’estimations dans les problèmes aux limites, Math. Appl. (Berlin), vol. 64, Springer-Verlag (Berlin, 2008).
J. M. Rakotoson, Réarrangement relatif dans les équations elliptiques quasi-linéaires avec un second membre distribution: Application à un théorème d’existence et de régularite, J. Differential Equations, 66 (1987), 391–419.
J. M. Rakotoson, Quasilinear elliptic problems with measures as data, Differential Integral Equations, 4 (1991), 449–457.
J. M. Rakotoson, Uniqueness of renormalized solutions in a T-set for the L1-data problem and link between various formulations, Indiana Univ. Math. J., 43 (1994), 685–702.
J. M. Rakotoson, Equations et inéquations aves des données mesures, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér. I Math., 314 (1992), 105–107.
J. M. Rakotoson, Generalized solutions in a new type of sets for problems with measures as data, Differential Integral Equations, 6 (1993), 27–36.
J. M. Rakotoson, Propriétés qualitatives de solutions d’équation à donnée mesure dans un T-ensemble, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér. I Math., 323 (1996), 335–340.
J. M. Rakotoson, Notion of ℝ-solutions and some measure data equations, Course in Naples, May–June 2000.
J. M. Rakotoson, Réarrangement relatif revisité, hal-03277063 (2021).
B. Simon, Thèse: Réarrangement relatif sur un espace mesuré et applications, Universitie de Poitiers (1994).
L. Tartar, An introduction to Sobolev Spaces and Interpolation Spaces, Springer-Verlag (Berlin, 2007).
L. Tartar, Imbedding theorems of Sobolev spaces into Lorentz spaces, Boll. Unione Mat. Ital. Sez. B Artic. Ric. Mat. (8), 1 (1998), 479–500.
L. Tartar, Interpolation non linéaire et régularité, J. Funct. Anal., 9 (1972), 469–489.
M. Troisi, Teoremi di inclusione per spazi di Sobolev non isotropi, Ricerche Mat., 18 (1969), 3–24.
J. Vétois, Decay estimates and a vanishing phenomenon for the solutions of critical anisotropic equations, Adv. Math., 284 (2015), 122–158.
Acknowledgements
A. Gogatishvili started work on this project during his visit to J. M. Rakotoson to the Laboratory of Mathematics of the University of Poitiers, France, in April 2022. He thanks for his generous hospitality and helpful atmosphere during the visit. He has been partially supported by the Czech Academy of Sciences (RVO 67985840), by the Czech Science Foundation (GAČR), grant no. 23-04720S, by the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation (SRNSF), grant no. FR-21-12353, and by the grant Minstry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (project no. AP14869887).
M.R. Formica is member of Gruppo Nazionale per l’Analisi Matematica, la Probabilità e le loro Applicazioni (GNAMPA) of the Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica (INdAM) and member of the UMI group “Teoria dell’Approssimazione e Applicazioni (T.A.A.)” and is partially supported by the INdAM-GNAMPA project, Risultati di regolarità per PDEs in spazi di funzione non-standard, codice CUP_E53C22001930001 and partially supported by University of Naples “Parthenope”, Dept. of Economic and Legal Studies, project CoRNDiS, DM MUR 737/2021, CUP I55F21003620001.
The authors thank the anonymous referee for the careful reading of the paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Dedicated to Oleg V. Besov on the occasion of his 90th birthday
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ahmed, I., Fiorenza, A., Formica, M.R. et al. Quasilinear PDEs, Interpolation Spaces and Hölderian mappings. Anal Math 49, 895–950 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10476-023-0245-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10476-023-0245-z