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Prevalence and Correlates of Physical Inactivity Among Individuals with HIV During the First COVID-19 Wave: A Cross-sectional Survey

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Abstract

Physical activity is associated with improved health outcomes among people with HIV (PWH). In the recent pandemic context, policies designed to mitigate COVID-19 transmission may result in an increase in sedentary lifestyle and decreased physical activity. In this study, we aimed to characterize self-reported physical activity and factors associated with physical inactivity during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic among a sample of PWH engaged in care. We also described whether psychological coping strategies measured by the Brief COPE differed based on physical activity levels. Among 260 surveyed PWH in two HIV clinics in the US Northeast, 28.5% (n = 74) met the criteria for being physically active according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)’s physical activity guidelines. Receiving care in New Haven, CT, presence of a detectable HIV viral load, every day tobacco use, and unhealthy alcohol use were associated with physical inactivity. Problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and avoidance-focused coping strategies were found to be protective against physical inactivity. In adjusted analysis, only problem-focused coping continued to be significantly associated with lower odds of reporting physical inactivity. Efforts are urgently needed to promote physical activity among PWH, including among those without problem-focused coping strategies.

Resumen

La actividad física se asocia con mejores resultados de salud entre las personas con VIH (PCV). En el contexto de la reciente pandemia, las políticas diseñadas para mitigar la transmisión de COVID-19 pueden resultar en un aumento del estilo de vida sedentario y una disminución de la actividad física. En este estudio, nuestro objetivo fue caracterizar la actividad física autoinformada y los factores asociados con la inactividad física durante la primera ola de la pandemia de COVID-19 entre una muestra de PCV dedicados a la atención. También describimos si las estrategias psicológicas de afrontamiento medidas por el Brief COPE diferían según los niveles de actividad física. Entre las 260 PCV encuestadas en dos clínicas de VIH en el noreste de EE. UU., el 28,5% (n = 74) cumplía con los criterios para ser físicamente activo de acuerdo con las pautas de actividad física del Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC). Recibir atención en New Haven, CT, la presencia de una carga viral de VIH detectable, el consumo diario de tabaco, y el consumo insano de alcohol se asociaron con la inactividad física. Se encontró que el afrontamiento centrado en el problema, el afrontamiento centrado en la emoción, y las estrategias de afrontamiento centradas en la evitación, protegen contra la inactividad física. En el análisis ajustado, solo el afrontamiento centrado en el problema siguió estando significativamente asociado con menores probabilidades de informar sobre la inactividad física. Se necesitan esfuerzos urgentes para promover la actividad física entre las PCV, incluso entre aquellas que no tienen estrategias de afrontamiento centradas en el problema.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Renee Capasso, Tequetta Valeriano, Katarzyna Sims, Elena Sullivan, Stephanie Salas, J. Morgan Jones, Indumathi Dhakshinamurthy, Jona Tanguay, Kelsey Sklar and Mayange Frederick for their efforts in data collection; Elizabeth Porter for her efforts in coordinating study activities; Christopher Cole for his input on survey design; Eliott Wang for data entry; and Carla Castro for her assistance with translating the study abstract into Spanish.

Funding

This project was supported by funding from the National Institute of Mental Health (grant #P30MH062294) and the National Cancer Institute (grant #R01CA243910) of the National Institutes of Health. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS or the National Institutes of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale School of Public Health, 135 College St, Suite 200, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA

    Dini Harsono, Gerald Friedland, Merceditas Villanueva, Jessica E. Yager & E. Jennifer Edelman

  2. Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA

    Yanhong Deng & Sangyun Chung

  3. AIDS Care Program, Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Lydia A. Barakat, Gerald Friedland & Merceditas Villanueva

  4. Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA

    Gerald Friedland

  5. Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    E. Jennifer Edelman

  6. SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA

    Jessica E. Yager

  7. Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Marissa Justen

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  1. Dini Harsono
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data analysis, and data interpretation were performed by DH, EJE, YD, and SC. The first draft of the manuscript was written by DH and EJE. All authors critically reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dini Harsono.

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Competing interests

The authors have no competing interests to disclose that are relevant to the content of this article.

Ethical Approval

This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at Yale University (#2000028033) and SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University (#1593449-1).

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Verbal consent to participate was obtained from all study participants prior to the start of data collection.

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Harsono, D., Deng, Y., Chung, S. et al. Prevalence and Correlates of Physical Inactivity Among Individuals with HIV During the First COVID-19 Wave: A Cross-sectional Survey. AIDS Behav 28, 1531–1545 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-023-04170-5

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