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A Concept Mapping Study to Understand Multilevel Resilience Resources Among African American/Black Adults Living with HIV in the Southern United States

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Abstract

Resilience may help people living with HIV (PLWH) overcome adversities to disease management. This study identifies multilevel resilience resources among African American/Black (AA/B) PLWH and examines whether resilience resources differ by demographics and neighborhood risk environments. We recruited participants and conducted concept mapping at two clinics in the southeastern United States. Concept Mapping incorporates qualitative and quantitative methods to represent participant-generated concepts via two-dimensional maps. Eligible participants had to attend ≥ 75% of their scheduled clinic appointments and did not have ≥ 2 consecutive detectable HIV-1 viral load measurements in the past 2 years. Of the 85 AA/B PLWH who were invited, forty-eight participated. Twelve resilience resource clusters emerged—five individual, two interpersonal, two organizational/policy and three neighborhood level clusters. There were strong correlations in cluster ratings for demographic and neighborhood risk environment comparison groups (r ≥ 0.89). These findings could inform development of theories, measures and interventions for AA/B PLWH.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01MH112386. The content of this work is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The authors also thank the clinic staff, the GIS data analyst and student for their assistance with this study and manuscript.

Funding

Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01MH112386. One hundred percent of the project costs ($559735) are financed with Federal money. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-8, Providence, RI, 02912, USA

    Akilah J. Dulin

  2. Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA

    Valerie A. Earnshaw

  3. Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA

    Sannisha K. Dale

  4. Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA

    Michael P. Carey & Joseph L. Fava

  5. Department of Epidemiology, Centers for Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA

    Marta Wilson-Barthes & Chanelle J. Howe

  6. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

    Michael J. Mugavero, Sarah Dougherty-Sheff & Bernadette Johnson

  7. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Sonia Napravnik

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation was performed by CH, AD, MW-B, SD-S and BJ. Data collection was performed by AD MW-B SD-S and BJ. Data analysis was performed by AD, MW-B, VE, SD, MC and JF. The draft of the manuscript was written by AD and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Akilah J. Dulin.

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Conflict of interest

The authors Akilah Dulin and Chanelle Howe are the multiple principal investigators of Award Number R01MH112386 for which this research was conducted. Authors Valerie Earnshaw, Sannisha Dale, Michael Carey, Joseph Fava, Michael Mugavero and Sonia Napravnik are co-investigators of this award.

Ethical Approval

The questionnaire and methodology for this study received approval from the following institutional review boards: Brown University (Approval No. 1707001833), University of Alabama at Birmingham (Approval No. IRB-300001171) and University of North Carolina Chapel Hill (Approval No. 17-2584).

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Dulin, A.J., Earnshaw, V.A., Dale, S.K. et al. A Concept Mapping Study to Understand Multilevel Resilience Resources Among African American/Black Adults Living with HIV in the Southern United States. AIDS Behav 25, 773–786 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-03042-6

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